Table 1.
Patient and Treatment Factors of Glioblastoma Patients Based on Longer-Term (>3 years) Versus Routine (≤3 years) Survivors (n = 93 036), NCDB 2005–2015
| Overall (n = 93 036) | Longer-term survivors (LTS) (n = 8484) | Routine survivors (RS) (n = 84 552) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years), n (%) | <.001a | |||
| <60 | 34 741 (37.3) | 5332 (62.8) | 29 409 (34.8) | |
| 60–70 | 30 433 (32.7) | 2335 (27.5) | 28 098 (33.2) | |
| 70 | 27 862 (29.9) | 817 (9.6) | 27 045 (32.0) | |
| Male, n (%) | 53 957 (58.0) | 4692 (55.3) | 49 265 (58.3) | <.001a |
| Race, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| White | 84 654 (91.0) | 7465 (88.0) | 77 189 (91.3) | |
| Black | 5088 (5.5) | 556 (6.6) | 4532 (5.4) | |
| Other | 3294 (3.5) | 463 (5.5) | 2831 (3.3) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Hispanic | 4190 (4.5) | 564 (6.6) | 3626 (4.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 83 548 (89.8) | 7489 (88.3) | 76 059 (90.0) | |
| Missing | 5298 (5.7) | 431 (5.1) | 4867 (5.8) | |
| Insurance status, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Yes | 87 735 (94.3) | 7832 (92.3) | 79 903 (94.5) | |
| No | 3096 (3.3) | 409 (4.8) | 2687 (3.2) | |
| Missing | 2205 (2.4) | 243 (2.9) | 1962 (2.3) | |
| Residence, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Metro | 74 297 (79.9) | 7061 (83.2) | 67 236 (79.5) | |
| Urban | 14 381 (15.5) | 1080 (12.7) | 13 301 (15.7) | |
| Rural | 1805 (1.9) | 103 (1.2) | 1702 (2.0) | |
| Missing | 2553 (2.7) | 240 (2.8) | 2313 (2.7) | |
| Treatment location, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Midwest | 22 208 (23.9) | 1608 (19.0) | 20 600 (24.4) | |
| Northeast | 18 582 (20.0) | 1828 (21.5) | 16 754 (19.8) | |
| South | 32 856 (35.3) | 2668 (31.4) | 30 188 (35.7) | |
| West | 14 818 (15.9) | 1118 (13.2) | 13 700 (16.2) | |
| Missing | 4572 (4.9) | 1262 (14.9) | 3310 (3.9) | |
| Treatment facility, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Academic | 38 955 (41.9) | 3809 (44.9) | 35 146 (41.6) | |
| Nonacademic | 49 509 (53.2) | 3413 (40.2) | 46 096 (54.5) | |
| Missing | 4572 (4.9) | 1262 (14.9) | 3310 (3.9) | |
| Tumor location, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Infratentorial | 977 (1.1) | 77 (0.9) | 900 (1.1) | |
| Supratentorial | 70 363 (75.6) | 6877 (81.1) | 63 486 (75.1) | |
| Others | 21 696 (23.3) | 1530 (18.0) | 20 166 (23.9) | |
| Charlson/Deyo score, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| 0 | 65 694 (70.6) | 6857 (80.8) | 58 837 (69.6) | |
| 1 | 16 303 (17.5) | 1064 (12.5) | 15 239 (18.0) | |
| 2 | 7327 (7.9) | 405 (4.8) | 6922 (8.2) | |
| ≥3 | 3712 (4.0) | 158 (1.9) | 3554 (4.2) | |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Yes | 62 532 (67.2) | 7022 (82.8) | 55 510 (65.7) | |
| No | 27 505 (29.6) | 1145 (13.5) | 26 360 (31.2) | |
| Missing | 2999 (3.2) | 317 (3.7) | 2682 (3.2) | |
| Radiation, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Yes | 67 414 (72.5) | 7189 (84.7) | 60 225 (71.2) | |
| No | 25 157 (27.0) | 1205 (14.2) | 23 952 (28.3) | |
| Missing | 465 (0.5) | 90 (1.1) | 375 (0.4) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| Yes | 73 319 (78.8) | 7827 (92.3) | 65 492 (77.5) | |
| No | 19 658 (21.1) | 655 (7.7) | 19 003 (22.5) | |
| Missing | 59 (0.1) | 2 (0.0) | 57 (0.1) | |
| Treatment, n (%) | <.001a | |||
| None | 6067 (6.5) | 84 (1.0) | 5983 (7.1) | |
| Chemotherapy only | 543 (0.6) | 19 (0.2) | 524 (0.6) | |
| Radiation only | 2181 (2.3) | 41 (0.5) | 2140 (2.5) | |
| Surgery only | 13 864 (14.9) | 694 (8.2) | 13 170 (15.6) | |
| Radiation and chemotherapy | 10 250 (11.0) | 485 (5.7) | 9765 (11.5) | |
| Surgery and chemotherapy | 2552 (2.7) | 223 (2.6) | 2329 (2.8) | |
| Surgery and radiation | 5260 (5.7) | 310 (3.7) | 4950 (5.9) | |
| All modalities | 49 129 (52.8) | 6283 (74.1) | 42 846 (50.7) | |
| Missing | 3190 (3.4) | 345 (4.1) | 2845 (3.4) |
Information on treatment facility and treatment location is available only for patients 40 years and older at diagnosis.
All modalities: surgery + radiation + chemotherapy.
Insurance: Yes (Medicaid, Medicare, Other Government, Private Insurance/Managed Care).
Treatment location: Northeast (New England, Middle Atlantic); Midwest (East North Central, West North Central); South (South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central); West (Mountain, Pacific).
Treatment facility: nonacademic (Community Cancer Program, Comprehensive Community Cancer Program, Integrated Network Cancer Program) and academic (Academic/Research Program).
Tumor location: infratentorial (cerebellum and brain stem), supratentorial (cerebrum and lobes), others (cerebral meninges, ventricles, brain NOS, and overlapping lesion of brain).
aChi-square test.