Table 2. Baseline characteristics according to NODM status.
| Characteristic | NODM (–) (n=77,053) | NODM (+) (n=1,159) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 38.3±5.5 | 41.4±5.7 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 45,222 (58.7) | 926 (79.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2±3.2 | 26.2±3.7 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 81.5±9.2 | 89.7±9.8 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 109.1±13.0 | 117.9±13.4 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70.1±10.1 | 76.6±10.8 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0±0.9 | 5.2±1.0 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.1±0.8 | 3.5±0.9 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5±0.4 | 1.3±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.4±1.1 | 4.7±1.1 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 77.3±16.3 | 82.5±14.8 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 315.4±87.1 | 357.4±87.1 | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.2±0.5 | 6.0±0.6 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 5.6±0.3 (38±0.8) | 6.0±0.3 (42±0.8) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | <0.001 |
| Urinary cotinine, ng/mL | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–692.0) | <0.001 |
| Daily alcohol consumption, g/day | 6.0 (3.0–17.0) | 13.0 (4.0–34.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (≥3 times/wk) | 9,855/71,303 (13.8) | 235/1,078 (21.8) | <0.001 |
| Vigorous exercise (≥5 times/wk) | 2,820/74,587 (3.8) | 42/1,108 (3.8) | 0.946 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 5,646/58,655 (9.6) | 368/819 (44.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 5,007/76,899 (6.5) | 230/1,153 (19.9) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoker | 36,931/66,150 (55.8) | 334/991 (33.7) | |
| Former smoker | 12,254/66,150 (18.5) | 245/991 (24.7) | |
| Current smoker | 16,965/66,150 (25.6) | 412/991 (41.6) | |
| Cotinine-verified smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Current non-smoker | 59,129 (76.7) | 714 (61.6) | |
| Current smoker | 17,924 (23.3) | 445 (38.4) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Triglyceride, hs-CRP, cotinine, daily alcohol amount, and HOMA-IR were log-transformed for this analysis. P values were based on Student's t-test or chi-square test.
NODM, new-onset diabetes mellitus; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.