Table 3. Multivariate Cox-hazard regression analyses for association of NODM with baseline cotinine-verified and self-reported smoking status, smoking amount, and smoking duration.
| Variable | RR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age- and sex-adjusted | Multivariate | ||
| Urinary cotinine levela | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | |
| Cotinine-verified current smokingb | 1.38 (1.22–1.57) | 1.27 (1.08–1.49) | |
| Self-reported former smokingc | 1.32 (1.09–1.59) | 1.18 (0.93–1.48) | |
| Self-reported current smokingc | 1.57 (1.32–1.86) | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | |
| Smoking amount in self-reported current smokers, cigarettes/day | 0.002 | ||
| <10c | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | |
| 10–19c | 1.51 (1.24–1.84) | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) | |
| ≥20c | 2.05 (1.65–2.54) | 1.64 (1.25–2.15) | |
| Smoking duration in self-reported current smokers, yr | 0.010 | ||
| <10c | 1.71 (0.98–2.99) | 1.30 (0.66–2.57) | |
| ≥10c | 1.55 (1.31–1.84) | 1.34 (1.08–1.67) | |
| Pack-year in self-reported current smokers (pack×year)c | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.010 |
Multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index, vigorous exercise (≥5 times/week), daily alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, uric acid, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
NODM, new-onset diabetes mellitus; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.
aThis value was log-transformed for the analysis, bReference group is baseline cotinine-verified current non-smoking, cReference group is baseline self-reported never smoking.