Table I.
Clinical and biological findings in EC and CLE
| Variable | EC (N = 7) | CLE (N = 11) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 4 (57) | 7 (64) | >.99 |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 42 (10) | 49 (15) | .27 |
| Previous Raynaud phenomenon, n (%) | 4 (57) | 4 (36) | .63 |
| Previous other cutaneous symptoms, n (%) | 3∗ (43) | 8 (73) | .33 |
| Localized to feet, n (%) | 7 (100) | 2 (18) | <.01 |
| COVID-19 symptoms, n (%) | 5 (71) | NA | — |
| Potential SARS-CoV-2 contact, n (%) | 4 (57) | NA | — |
| Positive antinuclear antibodies, n (%) | 0 (0) | 10 (91) | <.01 |
| Presence of other immunologic abnormalities, n (%) | 3† (43) | 9 (82) | .14 |
CLE, Chilblain lupus erythematosus; EC, epidemic chilblains; NA, not applicable; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SD, standard deviation.
∗
Two patients had acrocyanosis, and 1 patient had photosensitivity.
†
Two patients had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and 1 patient had lupus-type circulating anticoagulant.