Table II.
Histologic and immunohistochemical comparison between EC and CLE
| Variable | EC (N = 7) | CLE (N = 11) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermis, n (%) | |||
| Lymphocyte exocytosis | 3 (43) | 7 (64) | .63 |
| Confluent necrosis | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | .39 |
| Apoptotic keratinocytes | 2 (29) | 4 (36) | >.99 |
| Vacuolized basement membrane zone | 1 (14) | 8 (73) | .049 |
| Papillary dermis | |||
| Edema, n (%) | 4 (57) | 2 (18) | .14 |
| Lymphocyte infiltrate intensity score,∗ median (range) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | .34 |
| Lymphocyte infiltrate localization, n (%) | |||
| Perivascular localization | 7 (100) | 11 (100) | >.99 |
| Interstitial localization | 3 (43) | 8 (73) | .33 |
| Other inflammatory cell infiltrate, n (%) | 2 (29) | 3 (27) | >.99 |
| Lymphocytic vasculitis, n (%) | 5 (71) | 1 (9) | .01 |
| Congestive vessels, n (%) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | .13 |
| Red blood cell extravasation, n (%) | 4 (57) | 1 (9) | .047 |
| Reticular and deep dermis | |||
| Lymphocyte infiltrate intensity score,∗ median (range) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (0-3) | .77 |
| Lymphocyte infiltrate localization, n (%) | |||
| Perivascular | 7 (100) | 10 (91) | >.99 |
| Interstitial | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | >.99 |
| Perieccrine | 6 (86) | 7/10 (70)† | .60 |
| Perineural | 4 (57) | 7/9 (78)‡ | .59 |
| Other inflammatory cell infiltrate, n (%) | 2 (29) | 3 (27) | >.99 |
| Lymphocytic vasculitis, n (%) | 4 (57) | 7 (64) | >.99 |
| Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, n (%) | 1 (14) | 1 (9) | >.99 |
| Congestive vessels, n (%) | 3 (43) | 1 (9) | .24 |
| Neural section, median (range) | 5 (2-9) | 3 (0-4) | .008 |
| Hypodermis§ | |||
| Perivascular lymphocyte infiltrate, n (%) | 2/2 (100) | 0/2 (0) | .33 |
| Immunohistochemical features | |||
| Case with MxA+ cells, n (%) | 7 (100) | 10/10 (100)‖ | >.99 |
| MxA expression, median (range) | 180 (105-280) | 270 (120-300) | .28 |
| Case with CD123+ cells, n (%) | 6 (86) | 9/10 (90)‖ | >.99 |
| CD123 expression, median (range) | 50 (0-60) | 15 (0-100) | .32 |
| Positive cutaneous DIF, n (%) | 0/3 (0)¶ | 1/2 (50)# | .4 |
Bold values are statistically significant.
CLE, Chilblain lupus erythematosus; DIF, direct immunofluorescence; EC, epidemic chilblains; MxA, myxovirus resistance protein A; SD, standard deviation.
∗
Intensity was scored as follow: 0, absence; 1, rare; 2, moderated; 3, intense.
†
One CLE biopsy sample did not show the eccrine gland.
‡
Two of CLE biopsy samples did not show the nerve.
§
Hypodermis was observed in 2 biopsy samples in each groups.
‖
One CLE did not have immunohistochemistry analysis.
¶
Three DIF analyses were performed in the EC group.
#
Two DIF analyses were performed in the CLE group.