Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (< 18.5) (n = 542) | Normal (18.5 to < 25) (n = 4410) | Overweight (25 to < 30) (n = 2167) | Obese (≥ 30) (n = 499) | |
| BMI, mean (± SD), kg/m2 | 17.1 (± 1.1) | 22.2 (± 1.7) | 26.9 (± 1.4) | 33.4 (± 3.8) |
| Age, years | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 78.1 (± 9.0) | 73.6 (± 9.6) | 71.3 (± 9.6) | 69.5 (± 11.0) |
| < 75 | 166 (30.6) | 2209 (50.1) | 1274 (58.8) | 305 (61.1) |
| ≥ 75 | 376 (69.4) | 2201 (49.9) | 893 (41.2) | 194 (38.9) |
| Female sex | 287 (53.0) | 1638 (37.1) | 704 (32.5) | 221 (44.3) |
| CrCl, ml/min | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 47.0 (± 18.8) | 63.0 (± 28.5) | 77.5 (± 25.6) | 97.9 (± 36.4) |
| < 50 | 341 (62.9) | 1284 (29.1) | 252 (11.6) | 31 (6.2) |
| ≥ 50 | 195 (36.0) | 3091 (70.1) | 1893 (87.4) | 461 (92.4) |
| Unknown | 6 (1.1) | 35 (0.8) | 22 (1.0) | 7 (1.4) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 323 (59.6) | 3195 (72.4) | 1,804 (83.2) | 437 (87.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 81 (14.9) | 869 (19.7) | 596 (27.5) | 197 (39.5) |
| Prior ischemic stroke/TIA | 153 (28.2) | 1032 (23.4) | 421 (19.4) | 100 (20.0) |
| Congestive heart failure | 162 (29.9) | 1099 (24.9) | 529 (24.4) | 131 (26.3) |
| Hepatic dysfunction | 31 (5.7) | 254 (5.8) | 148 (6.8) | 50 (10.0) |
| Type of AF | ||||
| Paroxysmal | 197 (36.3) | 1546 (35.1) | 723 (33.4) | 143 (28.7) |
| Persistent | 200 (36.9) | 1582 (35.9) | 803 (37.1) | 192 (38.5) |
| Permanent | 117 (21.6) | 1041 (23.6) | 552 (25.5) | 141 (28.3) |
| Other | 0 (0) | 9 (0.2) | 9 (0.4) | 0 (0) |
| Unknown | 28 (5.2) | 232 (5.3) | 80 (3.7) | 23 (4.6) |
| CHADS2 score | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 2.3 (± 1.4) | 2.2 (± 1.3) | 2.2 (± 1.3) | 2.3 (± 1.2) |
| 0 | 58 (10.7) | 450 (10.2) | 137 (6.3) | 16 (3.2) |
| 1 | 97 (17.9) | 1,031 (23.4) | 606 (28.0) | 121 (24.3) |
| 2 | 158 (29.2) | 1,330 (30.2) | 682 (31.5) | 156 (31.3) |
| 3 | 113 (20.8) | 848 (19.2) | 389 (18.0) | 121 (24.2) |
| 4 | 77 (14.2) | 516 (11.7) | 236 (10.9) | 58 (11.6) |
| 5 | 34 (6.3) | 197 (4.5) | 89 (4.1) | 23 (4.6) |
| 6 | 5 (0.9) | 38 (0.9) | 28 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 3.8 (± 1.6) | 3.4 (± 1.6) | 3.3 (± 1.6) | 3.5 (± 1.6) |
| 0 | 7 (1.3) | 123 (2.8) | 56 (2.6) | 7 (1.4) |
| 1 | 39 (7.2) | 448 (10.2) | 220 (10.2) | 36 (7.2) |
| 2 | 62 (11.4) | 698 (15.8) | 439 (20.3) | 92 (18.4) |
| 3 | 123 (22.7) | 1,050 (23.8) | 515 (23.8) | 115 (23.0) |
| 4 | 130 (24.0) | 1,013 (23.0) | 454 (21.0) | 114 (22.8) |
| 5 | 102 (18.8) | 629 (14.3) | 270 (12.5) | 81 (16.2) |
| 6 | 51 (9.4) | 319 (7.2) | 148 (6.8) | 37 (7.4) |
| 7 | 28 (5.2) | 109 (2.5) | 49 (2.3) | 14 (2.8) |
| 8 | 0 (0) | 20 (0.5) | 16 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) |
| 9 | 0 (0) | 1 (< 0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Modified HAS-BLED scorea | ||||
| Mean (± SD) | 1.7 (± 0.9) | 1.5 (± 1.0) | 1.4 (± 1.0) | 1.5 (± 1.0) |
| 0 | 31 (5.7) | 528 (12.0) | 332 (15.3) | 77 (15.4) |
| 1 | 215 (39.7) | 1,776 (40.3) | 905 (41.8) | 204 (40.9) |
| 2 | 191 (35.2) | 1,431 (32.4) | 650 (30.0) | 145 (29.1) |
| 3 | 89 (16.4) | 543 (12.3) | 226 (10.4) | 56 (11.2) |
| 4 | 12 (2.2) | 120 (2.7) | 46 (2.1) | 16 (3.2) |
| 5 | 4 (0.7) | 12 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) |
| 6 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (< 0.1) | 0 (0) |
| 7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 8 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Visit classification | ||||
| In-hospital | 172 (31.7) | 768 (17.4) | 271 (12.5) | 66 (13.2) |
| Outpatient | 370 (68.3) | 3,642 (82.6) | 1,896 (87.5) | 433 (86.8) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated
AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, CHADS2 Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Diabetes, Prior stroke or TIA, CHA2DS2-VASc Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Age 65–74 years, Diabetes mellitus, Prior stroke or TIA or Thromboembolism, Sex, Vascular disease (e.g. peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction or aortic plaque), CrCl creatinine clearance, HAS-BLED Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol, SD standard deviation, TIA transient ischemic attack
aMaximum score is 8 because of the exclusion of the factor "labile international normalized ratio” from the HAS-BLED score