TABLE 1.

Changes (means ± standard deviations, n = 3/group) in lactate concentration (mM) of S. mutans (Sm) after cultivation in the supernatant (Sup.) of S. oligofermentans (So) and L. reuteri (Lr).

Metabolite (mM)	Minimal medium	Bacterial strain
		Sm	Sm Sup. SoA	Sm Sup. LrB
Lactate	MM	1.78 ± 0.65 × 10−2	−5.14 ± 0.50 × 10−2***	−1.13 ± 1.08 × 10−2**
	MM+Glu	6.52 ± 0.91	3.84 ± 0.40**	2.95 ± 0.31**
	MM+Gly+Glu	5.00 ± 0.42	3.01 ± 0.49**	3.65 ± 0.33 × 10−1***
	MM+Lac+Glu	4.46 ± 0.41	−1.39 ± 0.25***	4.42 ± 0.19
	MM+Arg+Glu	6.03 ± 0.48	1.69 ± 0.43***	3.29 ± 0.26***
	MM+all	6.00 ± 0.29	−2.14 ± 0.35***	−0.46 ± 0.11***

For the culture of S. mutans, in order to enable it to produce lactate, the same concentration of glucose (5 mM) as in MM+Glu and MM+all was additionally added to MM+Gly, MM+Lac, MM+Arg. Glucose was also added to the probiotic supernatants of MM+Gly, MM+Lac, and MM+Arg. S. mutans was cultivated in minimal medium (MM), MM with glucose (MM+Glu), MM with glycerol and glucose (MM+Gly+Glu), MM with Lactic acid and glucose (MM+Lac+Glu), MM with arginine and glucose (MM+Arg+Glu) and all-full medium (MM+all). The lactate concentration of S. mutans cultivated in probiotic supernatants (test samples) and the lactate concentration in probiotic supernatants without S. mutans (control samples) were measured. The lactate production of S. mutans cultured in probiotic supernatants was calculated by subtracting the amount of lactate in control samples from the amount of lactate in corresponding test samples. Positive values indicate additional lactate production, negative values indicate uptake of lactate by bacteria. Dunnett’s test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, versus Sm.