Fig. 2.

Mechanical manipulation of DnaK NBD in the absence of ATP (Bauer et al. 2015). As the applied force is increased, the apo-form of NBD unfolds at ~ 35 pN (b), through a process involving two short lived intermediate states, Iapo1and Iapo2, (c). Reprinted with permission from PNAS, (Bauer et al. 2015)