Table 1.
The demographic, interventional, operative, and postoperative features of the patients
| Patient | Age (days) | Gender | Weight (kg) | Date of birth | Diagnosis | Percutaneous procedure | Surgical procedure | Ventilation time (hours) |
ICU stay (days) | Hospital stay |
Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 240 | F | – | – | TOF | – | Surgical treatment was postponed after COVID-19 pandemics, unless an emergency situation occurs | – | – | – | – |
| 2 | 40 months | F | – | – | Large ostium secundum type atrial septal defect | – | Surgical treatment was postponed after COVID-19 pandemics, unless an emergency situation occurs | – | – | – | – |
| 3 | 44 months | F | – | – | Superior type secundum atrial septal defect with partial pulmonary venous return anomaly | – | Surgical treatment was postponed after COVID-19 pandemics, unless an emergency situation occurs | – | – | – | – |
| 4 | 7 months | M | – | – | Single ventricle with oxygen saturation 88% | – | Surgical treatment was postponed after COVID-19 pandemics, unless an emergency situation occurs | – | – | – | – |
| 5 | 120 | M | – | – | Perimembraneous ventricular septal defect | – | Surgical treatment was postponed after COVID-19 pandemics, unless an emergency situation occurs | – | – | – | – |
| 6 | 10 | M | 3 kg | 30/03/2020 | AoCoA, bicuspid aortic valve, systolic dysfunction (EF: 40%–45%), PuHT | None | Not accepted due to unavailable isolation bed | – | – | – | – |
| 7 | 312 | F | 6,7 kg | 22/05/2019 | Apical and perimembranous large VSDs with previous pulmonary band and occlusion of the right PA | Diagnostic (25/10/2019) | VSD closure, PA reconstruction (06/03/2020) | 72 + 96 + 48 | 20 | 26 | Antibiotic change. Multiple intibuations and extubations. Convulsions. Increased pulmonary secretions. |
| 8 | 45 | M | 4.54 kg | 24/01/2020 | Double aortic arch | CT angiography (7/3/2020) | Division of the non-dominant arch (9/3/2020) | 14 | 1 | 4 | – |
| 9 | (16 years) 5760 | F | 50 kg | 24/03/2004 | Marfan syndrome-Anuloaortic ectasia Mitral valve prolapossus |
None | Benthall-de Bono Procedure (10/03/2020) | 7 | 2 | 7 | – |
| 10 | 240 | F | 8.2 kg | 18/07/2019 | TOF + additional VSD, right aortic arch | Diagnostic cardiac catheterisation | Total correction (11/03/2020) | 24 | 2 | 5 | – |
| 11 | (4 years) 1440 | F | 19 kg | 03/09/2015 | Double inlet, double outlet undetermined ventricle, pulmonary atresia with previous mBT shunt, and bidirectional Glenn (26/11/2018) Situs İnversus Totalis |
None | Extracardiac fenestrated Fontan (12/03/2020) | 48 | 2 | 13 | – |
| 12 | 7 | M | 2.9 kg | 08/03/2020 | TGA PDA |
Balloon atrial septostomy (08/03/2020) (Z-5 Miller Balloon) | Arterial switch, VSD closure (18/03/2020) | 72 | 25 | 25 | Antibiotherapy change |
| 13 | (5 years) 1800 | F | 28 kg | 31/12/2014 | Congenital AV block, previous pacemaker implantation at the neonatal period – need for battery change | None | Pacemaker battery replacement (27/03/2020) | 1 | 1 | 5 | Delayed discharge due to delayed permission for intercity travel. |
| 14 | 6 | M | 3.7 kg | 25/03/2020 | TGA, VSD (small) ASD PDA |
None | Arterial switch, VSD closure (01/04/2020) | 60 | 10 | 10 | Antibiotherapy change |
| 15 | 31 | F | 3.4 kg | 06/03/2020 | Unbalanced AVSD PDA Hypoplastic RV (mild) PuHT |
None | PDA ligation, pulmonary band (07/04/2020) | 48 | 8 | 8 | Antibiotic change |
| 16 | 28 | M | 4 kg | 19/03/2020 | DILV, DORV, hypoplastic RV, left AV valve hypoplasia, PuHT Secundum ASD, PDA |
None | PDA ligation, pulmonary band (08/04/2020) | 48 | 26 | 26 | Antibiotherapy change |
| 17 | 240 | M | 6 kg | 17/08/2019 | Intact ventricular septum with pulmonary atresia with previous mBT shunt (19/08/2019) and bidirectional Glenn (28/02/2020) – Occluded left PA | Percutaneous left PA dilatation (06/04/2020) (6 × 3 cmlik TYSHAK Balloon) – Unsuccessful | Off pump left pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy, pericardial patch, left mBT shunt, right PA band (08/04/2020) | 960 (40 days) | Still | Still | Caring nurse was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The child did not catch COVID-19. |
| 18 | 22 | M | 3.2 kg | 25/03/2020 | AoCoA, VSD (muscular), bicuspid aortic valve | None | AoCoa repair (extended resection, end to end anastomosis) (10/04/2020) | 96 | 8 | 8 | Antibiotic change |
| 19 | 30 | F | 4 kg | 17/03/2020 | VSD (perimembraneous inlet, large-19X21 mm in size), additional apical VSD (5 mm in size) Hypoplastic RV Secundum ASD Persistent left SVC PuHT |
None | PDA ligation, pulmonary band (13/04/2020) | 48 | 7 | 7 | Caring nurse was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The child did not catch COVID-19. |
| 20 | 6 | F | 3 kg | 14/04/2020 | TGA, VSD (small) ASD PDA |
Balloon atrial septostomy (14/04/2020) (Z-5 Miller Balloon) | Arterial switch, VSD closure (20/04/2020) | 48 | 9 | 9 | Prolonged ICU stay due to antibiotherapy and rhythm follow up |
| 21 | 83 | F | 3.4 kg | 30/01/2020 | Complete AVSD, annulary pancreas with previous abdominal surgery. Experienced sepsis attacks, in bad conditions | None | PDA ligation + pulmoner banding (22/04/2020) | Died on the 6th day while still intubated | Died on the 6th day while still at the ICU | Died on the 6th day | Sudden unexplained death. Antifungal and multiple antibiotics use |
| 22 | 133 | M | 4.1 kg | 17/12/2019 | VSD | – | VSD closure (22/04/2020) | 19 | 3 | 6 | Caring nurse was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The child did not catch COVID-19. |
| 23 | 13 | F | 3.25 kg | 15/04/2020 | Supracardiac type TAPVR | – | TAPVR repair, no-touch technique (28/04/2020) | 96 | Still | Still | Delayed sternal closure. Antibiotic change. |
| 24 | 86 | M | 4.6 kg | 01/02/2020 | AoCoa, ASD, VSD | Balloon angioplasty (11–02–2020) | AoCoa repair with patch (29/04/2020) | 24 | 24 | Still | – |
| 25 | 1440 (4 years) | M | 15.2 kg | 12/07/2016 | DORV, pulmonary atresia, situs inversus, rudimentary right ventricle with previous mBT shunt and atrial septectomy (27/07/2016), bidirectional Glenn (13/01/2017), right PA stent implantation (24/02/2017) | Diagnostic catheterisation + stent dilatation (01/05/2019) | Right PA reconstruction + central shunt (29/04/2020) | Still | Still | Still | – |
| 26 | 101 | M | 3 kg | 06/01/2020 | Pulmonary stenosis | Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (18/03/2020) (6 × 2 cm peripheral balloon) | None | None | 101 | Still, due to bronchopulmonary displasia | – |
| 27 | (13 years) 4680 | M | 84 kg | 02/05/2016 | Stent implantation for AoCoA, device closure of the VSD (15/12/2012) – re-coarctation | Balloon angioplasty for AoCoA stent (18/03/2020) (14 × 3 cm TYHSAK Balloon) | None | None | 0 | 1 | – |
| 28 | 2 | M | 2.8 kg | 18/03/2020 | VSD, pulmonary atresia, MAPCA | Diagnostic angiography (20/03/2020) | None (following due to SPO2>%85) | 48 | 6 | 6 | – |
| 29 | 450 | F | 8 kg | 16/01/2019 | VSD | Transcatheter VSD closure (20/03/2020) (10 × 8 KONAR MF device) | None | None | 0 | 1 | – |
| 30 | 180 | M | 4 kg | 19/09/2019 | TGA with VSD with VSD closure and arterial switch (02/12/2019) and RVOT reconstruction (15/01/2020) – inlet muscular VSD, apical 2–3 VSDs | Transcatheter inlet-muscular VSD closure (01/04/2020) (10 × 8 KONAR MF device) | None | Tracheostomised | Still | Still | Receiving multiple antibiotics |
| 31 | 36 | M | 3.8 kg | 07/03/2020 | Complete AVSD, TOF, PDA | Palliative baloon valvulopasty (successful) (13/04/2020) (6 × 2 cm peripheral balloon) | None | 24 | 1 | 3 | – |
*
By 30 April, 2020
ASD: atrial septal defect; Ao CoA: aort coarctation; AV: atrioventricular; AVSD: atrioventricular septal defect; DILV: double inlet left ventricle; DORV: double outlet right ventricle; PA: pulmonary artery; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PuHT: pulmonary hypertension; RV: right ventricle; RVOT: right ventricle outflow tract; SVC: superior vena cava; TGA: transposition of great arteries; TOF: tetralogy of Fallot; VSD: ventricular septal defect; TAPVR: total anomalous pulmonary venous return.