Table 2. Univariate analysis of the 5-year DFS and OS rates in patients with a pathological diagnosis of ypT0-2N0.

Variable	Total (n=121)	DFS			OS
		5-year rate	P		5-year rate	P
Age, y			0.236			0.440
≤60	71	87.4			89.1
>60	50	67.3			78.4
Gender			0.110			0.309
Male	88	85.9			89.3
Female	33	60.9			73.1
Distance to anal verge, cm			0.618			0.624
≤5	102	80.1			83.7
>5	19	81.0			91.7
cT			0.002			0.014
cT2-3	81	88.7			96.5
cT4	40	66.8			72.1
cN			0.720			0.211
cN0	44	81.9			89.6
cN1-2	77	79.0			81.1
CEA, ng/mL			0.052			0.087
≤5	46	80.0			87.8
>5	29	53.7			57.2
Preoperative treatment			0.005			0.158
NCRT	66	68.8			78.8
NCRT + Capeox or FOLFOX	55	96.4			94.4
Interval between radiation and operation, weeks			0.742			0.522
≤8	47	79.4			87.6
>8	74	79.3			81.7
Operation type			0.326			0.164
APR	41	76.8			78.5
LAR	80	81.5			89.7
Number of retrieved lymph node			0.007			0.104
<12	75	90.3			92.9
≥12	46	67.2			76.7
Anastomotic leakage			0.105			0.054
Yes	12	74.1			75.0
No	109	81.3			86.2
Postoperative hemorrhage			0.558			0.627
Yes	2	100			84.6
No	119	79.8			100
Incisional infection			0.765			0.297
Yes	7	85.7			0
No	114	80.2			86.6
ypT			0.127			0.046
ypT0	47	86.5			96.9
ypT1-2	74	76.3			77.1
Adjuvant chemotherapy			0.442			0.667
Yes	90	82.9			78.2
No	31	79.1			87.5

cT, clinical T stage before treatment; cN, clinical N stage before treatment; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; NCRT, neoadjuvant chemoradiation; LAR, low anterior resection; APR, abdominoperineal resection; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival.