Exhibit 1:
Characteristics of survey respondents and the health plans they chose, by respondent Marketplace enrollment, chronic conditions, and health insurance literacy
| Marketplace enrollment | In family with chronic condition | Health insurance literacy tertile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 1,433) | No (n = 646) | Yes (n = 787) | No (n = 956) | Yes (n = 460) | Top (n = 419) | Bottom (n = 483) | |
| Respondent characteristic | |||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| Less than 36 | 28.7% | 20.0%*** | 30.8% | 34.2%*** | 17.0% | 20.8%*** | 34.0% |
| 36–45 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 19.8 |
| 46–55 | 21.8 | 25.2 | 21.0 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 20.1 | 20.6 |
| 56–63 | 33.6 | 40.0 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 43.4 | 41.6 | 25.6 |
| Male | 46.7 | 51.8* | 45.4 | 46.5 | 46.7 | 50 | 43.9 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 94.6 | 93.7 | 94.8 | 94.6 | 94.5 | 94.6 | 93.7 |
| College degree or more | 52.7 | 62.3*** | 50.3 | 54.5** | 47.7 | 54.3 | 51.6 |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Employed | 40.5 | 32.3*** | 42.5 | 42.8*** | 35.3 | 37.2 | 42.9 |
| Self-employed | 34.5 | 43.5 | 32.3 | 36.3 | 30.5 | 35.8 | 34.2 |
| Retired | 8.6 | 13.1 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 5.5 |
| Not working or other | 16.4 | 11.1 | 17.7 | 13.8 | 22.2 | 15.7 | 17.4 |
| Very or somewhat confident on all health insurance literacy questions | 22.8 | 28.4*** | 21.4 | 21.1*** | 26.5 | 63.6*** | 0.0 |
| Household income (% of FPL) | |||||||
| Less than 101 | 11.3 | 1.8*** | 13.5 | 10.2 | 13.6 | 8.7** | 12.2 |
| 101–250 | 36.5 | 7.1 | 43.4 | 37.6 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 41.9 |
| 251–300 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 11.1 |
| 301–400 | 11.4 | 15.0 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 10.2 |
| More than 400 | 30.7 | 69.1 | 21.7 | 30.0 | 31.7 | 36.6 | 24.6 |
| Mean number of family members in the plan | 1.6 | 1.9*** | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Family member has a chronic condition | 31.9 | 30.4 | 32.3 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 38.9*** | 27.4 |
| Family member in fair or poor health | 10.6 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 5.2*** | 22.5 | 10.9** | 13.9 |
| Plan characteristic | |||||||
| On Marketplace | 80.4 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 80 | 81.4 | 74.5*** | 84.8 |
| New in 2017 | 54.4 | 47.4*** | 56 | 57.4*** | 47.8 | 55.7 | 54.1 |
| Metal tier | |||||||
| Bronze | 43.0 | 52.7*** | 40.6 | 47.2*** | 34.1 | 42.7 | 44.4 |
| Silver | 50.8 | 32.4 | 55.3 | 48.7 | 55.3 | 49.5 | 50.6 |
| Gold | 6.2 | 14.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 10.6 | 7.8 | 5.0 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from a survey of enrollees in individual market health insurance plans offered by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care in New Hampshire and Maine in 2017. NOTES Unadjusted analyses were weighted using inverse probability weights to account for sampling design and subject-level nonresponse. Sample sizes were unweighted, and all other estimates were weighted. <<Missing responses in this table were not imputed, therefore the number of respondents may not always equal the total of 1433.>> Groupwise tests of equivalence were performed using chi-square and t tests that compared on and off Marketplace, with and without chronic condition, and low and high health insurance literacy. An expanded version of this table can be found in section 3a of the appendix (see note 16 in text). FPL is federal poverty level.
<<**p < 0.05 ***p < 0.01>>