Table 2.
Demographics Information and Assessment Results
| Open-skilled (n = 21; Female = 9; Male = 12) | Closed-skilled (n = 15; Female = 9; Male = 6) | No physical activity (n = 25; Female = 12; Male = 13) | Total Sample (n = 61; Female = 30; Male = 31) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | |
| Age | 71.52 (6.23) | 65–87 | 71.33 (5.19) | 64–83 | 72.64 (5.16) | 65–84 | 71.93 (5.50) | 64–87 |
| Physical activity participation (years) | 17.16 (16.94) | 1–53 | 12.27 (12.15) | 0–37 | 8.93 (13.78) | 0–53 | ||
| Duration of Physical Activity Session (hours/week) | 3.33 (1.23) | 1–5 | 1.00 (.46) | 0–2 | 1.39 (1.65) | 0–5 | ||
| Frequency of Physical Activity (sessions/week) | 1.76 (.89) | 1–4 | 3.36 (1.98) | 0–7 | 1.40 (1.71) | 0–7 | ||
| RBANS IM Index Score | 92.43 (17.45) | 65.00–126.00 | 96.47 (13.23) | 78.00–120.00 | 91.00 (16.12) | 53.00–114.00 | 92.84 (15.85) | 53.00–126.00 |
| RBANS DM Index Score | 95.33 (12.93) | 60.00–110.00 | 92.73 (14.25) | 64.00–112.00 | 95.16 (12.51) | 60.00–116.00 | 94.62 (12.92) | 60.00–116.00 |
| Trail Making A | 31.69^ (10.51) | 19.10–67.48 | 33.58 (12.26) | 16.80–65.10 | 35.60 (11.26) | 20.68–63.07 | 33.76 (11.20) | 16.80–67.48 |
| Trail Making B | 72.09^ (25.43) | 33.30–142.22 | 72.47 (24.97) | 31.15–123.00 | 86.58 (28.28) | 40.34–169.26 | 78.12 (27.04) | 31.15–169.26 |
| Benton Judgement of Line Orientation | 20.05 (7.12) | 13.00–30.00 | 22.60 (6.80) | 13.00–30.00 | 15.12 (3.56) | 11.00–26.00 | 18.65 (6.52) | 11.00–30.00 |
| Digit Span Forward | 5.81 (1.86) | 3.00–10.00 | 6.33 (1.54) | 3.00–8.00 | 5.28 (1.31) | 3.00–7.00 | 5.72 (1.60) | 3.00–10.00 |
| Digit Span Backward | 4.38 (1.28) | 2.00–7.00 | 4.20 (1.01) | 3.00–6.00 | 3.92 (1.22) | 2.00–7.00 | 4.15 (1.19) | 2.00–7.00 |
| Stroop (W) T-Scores | 50.33 (8.14) | 35.00–66.00 | 44.20 (9.46) | 28.00–62.00 | 42.76 (14.78) | 4.00–69.00 | 45.72 (11.92) | 4.00–69.00 |
| Stroop (C) T-Scores | 39.05 (13.84) | −2.00 – 59.00 | 43.93 (10.60) | 20.00–62.00 | 31.00 (19.43) | −16.00 – 53.00 | 36.95 (16.42) | −16.00 – 62.00 |
| Stroop (CW) T-Scores | 52.95 (8.83) | 40.00–71.00 | 47.80 (9.49) | 30.00–71.00 | 45.68 (7.64) | 34.00–62.00 | 48.70 (8.98) | 30.00–71.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Planning | 29.57 (4.64) | 18.00–37.00 | 28.33 (6.41) | 10.00–35.00 | 27.88 (7.12) | 14.00–46.00 | 28.57 (6.13) | 10.00–46.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Self-Monitoring | 26.81 (4.35) | 14.00–32.00 | 25.60 (4.08) | 15.00–32.00 | 24.60 (5.40) | 12.00–36.00 | 25.61 (4.77) | 12.00–36.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Evaluation | 33.48 (4.07) | 27.00–40.00 | 31.33 (6.14) | 22.00–40.00 | 30.08 (6.20) | 14.00–40.00 | 31.56 (5.65) | 14.00–40.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Reflection | 17.38 (6.87) | 0–24.00 | 17.67 (6.36) | 7.00–25.00 | 15.20 (5.29) | 5.00–23.00 | 16.56 (6.14) | 0–25.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Effort | 32.14 (9.20) | 0–40.00 | 32.67 (4.27) | 25.00–40.00 | 29.64 (6.62) | 13.00–40.00 | 31.24 (7.20) | 0–40.00 |
| SRL-SRS-Self-Efficacy | 30.62 (8.29) | 0–39.00 | 31.73 (4.33) | 26.00–40.00 | 28.24 (6.35) | 8.00–37.00 | 29.92 (6.75) | 0–40.00 |
| SRQ | 228.62 (19.99) | 182.00–280.00 | 213.80 (60.61) | 0–260.00 | 216.04 (22.65) | 157.00–258.00 | 219.82 (35.18) | 0–280.00 |
Highest mean scores in bold. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean, SD standard deviation, ^ lower score indicates better cognitive score
RBANS IM Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: Immediate Memory, RBANS DM Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: Delayed Memory, (W) Word, (C) Colour, (CW) Colour-Word, SRL-SRS Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale, SRQ Self-Regulation Questionnaire