Fig. 4.

Effects of co-culture of hUMSC supernatant with TICs on CDDP-induced ROS production and AMPK/mTOR pathway activation. a Representative flow cytometric plot of ROS production within the different groups—red area represents positive ROS production. b Quantification of intracellular ROS production within each group. c–e Western blot analysis indicating signal protein activation of AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR in TICs following antioxidant NAC treatment and hUMSC supernatant co-culture. Data are expressed as the means ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. hUMSCs, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells; TICs, theca-interstitial cells; CDDP, cisplatin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; AMPK, Amp-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine