Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: World J Urol. 2019 Jun 12;38(2):253–261. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02815-6

Figure 2: Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis. TGF-β and BMP-mediated signaling pathways within fibroblasts.

Figure 2:

“Abbreviations: TGF-β - Transforming Growth Factor-β; TGF-β RI - Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor I; TGF-β RII - Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor II; BMP – Bone Morphogenetic Protein; BMP RI - Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor I; BMP RII - Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II; PAK-2 - P21-activated kinase 2; c-Abl- c-Abelson kinase; PKC-δ - protein kinase C delta; EgR – Early growth response protein; ROCK – Rho associated protein kinase; CTGF – Connective Tissue Growth Factor; JNK - c-Jun N terminal kinase; AP-1 – Activator Protein −1; Tak1 - TGF-β-activated kinase 1; Tab1 - TGF-β activated kinase 1 binding protein 1; MAPK – mitogen activated protein kinase.