Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the included 33 studies.
| Author | Modeling methods | Imaging modality | Feature number | Feature type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng et al. (17) | Logistic regression | CT | 162 | 38 ACM and 128 LBP features |
| Peng et al. (24) | LASSO regression and logistic regression | CT | 18 | 13 clinical and 5 CT image |
| Xu et al. (19) | Adjusted OR regression and logistic regression | CT | 31 | 19 clinical and 12 CT image |
| Ma et al. (18) | SVM, LASSO regression and logistic regression | CT | 655 | Eight clinical and 647 radiomics |
| Zhu et al. (29) | Logistic regression | MRI | 66 | Seven clinical and 59 texture features |
| Ni et al. (28) | LASSO and GBDT | CT | 1,044 | Texture features |
| Feng et al. (26) | LASSO regression and logistic regression | MRI | 1,044 | Image features |
| Hu et al. (27) | LASSO regression and logistic regression | Ultrasound | 1,044 | Radiomics features |
| Yao et al. (25) | Iterative SR method and SVM | Ultrasound | 1,024 | MR image |
| Banerjee et al. (10) | Cox's proportional hazard models | CT | 13 | Clinical features |
| Lee et al. (11) | Logistic regression | MRI | 23 | 14 clinical and 9 MR image |
| Gao et al. (45) | Logistic regression | CT | 29 | Clinical features |
| Cao et al. (43) | Logistic regression | MRI | 15 | 12 clinical and 3 DKI |
| Chen et al. (44) | Cox's proportional hazard models and logistic regression | MRI | 19 | Clinical features |
| Lee et al. (12) | Logistic regression | MRI | 20 | 13 clinical and 7 MR image |
| Wei et al. (15) | Logistic regression | MRI | 25 | 17 clinical and 8 MR image |
| Lin et al. (46) | Logistic regression | MRI | 21 | 8 clinical and 13 MR image |
| Ryu et al. (47) | Logistic regression | MRI | 21 | Clinical features |
| Li et al. (41) | Logistic regression | MRI | 8 | Clinical features |
| Zhao et al. (42) | Logistic regression | MRI | 8 | Clinical features |
| Huang et al. (40) | Logistic regression | MRI | 8 | Radiomics features |
| Hyun et al. (13) | Logistic regression | PET-CT | 12 | Clinical features |
| Wang et al. (14) | Logistic regression | MRI | 20 | 12 clinical and 8 radiomics |
| Zhao et al. (39) | Logistic regression | MRI | NA | |
| Reginelli A | Logistic regression | CT | 10 | Clinical features |
| Zhao et al. (38) | Logistic regression | CT | NA | Clinical and radiomics features |
| Yang et al. (37) | Logistic regression | MRI | 16 | 6 clinical and 10 radiomics |
| Okamura et al. (35) | Logistic regression | MRI | 12 | Clinical features |
| Kobayashi et al. (34) | Logistic regression | PET-CT | 16 | Clinical features |
| Ahn et al. (33) | Logistic regression | PET-CT | 18 | 3 clinical and 15 PET-CT image |
| Xu et al. (32) | Logistic regression | MRI | 16 | 8 clinical and 8 MR image |
| Suh et al. (31) | Logistic regression | MRI | 8 | Clinical features |
| Cucchetti et al. (30) | ANN and logistic regression | CT or MRI | 15 | Clinical features |
LASSO, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; OR, Odds ratio; SVM, Support Vector Machine; GBDT, Gradient boosting decision tree; SR, Sparse representation; ANN, Artificial Neural Network; ACM, Angle co-occurrence matrices; LBP, Local binary patterns; DKI, Diffusion kurtosis imaging.