lso− mutants express less vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (VP1). (A) Day 3 stationary-phase promastigotes were labeled with rabbit anti-TbVP1 antiserum (1:800), followed by anti-rabbit IgG-Texas Red (1:1,000). DNA was stained with Hoechst. DIC, differential interference contrast; merge, the merge of Texas Red and Hoechst images. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B) Relative levels of VP1 staining were determined from 100 metacyclic-like promastigotes for each line. Error bars represent standard deviations from 3 experiments (*, P < 0.05).