Table 1.

PDE5 localization and effects of its activity or inhibition.

PDE5 Localization	Effect	Ref.
Human myometrial cells, C2C12 myoblasts and rat corpora cavernosa cells	PDE5 expression is associated to quiescent, contractile SMCs and its levels are down regulated when VSMCs resume proliferation, suggesting that PDE5 is a marker of the contractile phenotype	Dolci et al., 2006
Arterial SMCs	Developmental increase in PDE5 may enable the ductus to constrict and remodel itself more efficiently after birth	Liu et al., 2008
Aortic VSMCs	PDE5 isoforms A1 and A3 are both up-regulated by Notch3 in VSMCs in vitro, while all the three isoforms are strongly downregulated in thoracic aortic aneurysms	Cesarini et al., 2019
Senescent human VSMCs	High levels of PDE5 cause vasoconstriction response that alters the vascular tone and contributes to the development of hypertension	Bautista Nino et al., 2015; Bautista Nino et al., 2015; Stegbauer et al., 2013
Coronary VSMCs	Upregulated myocardial PDE5 expression may contribute to the progression of heart failure	Corbin et al., 2005; Shan et al., 2012
Myometrium and myometrial arteries	PDE5 marks the contractile phenotype of VSMCs	Belmonte et al., 2005
VSMCs of pseudocavernous tissue of vaginal wall and clitoral corpora cavernosa	PDE5 might play a possible role in female sexual dysfunction	D’Amati et al., 2002; Park et al., 1998
Umbilical arteries	PDE5 is highly expressed in umbilical arteries and counteracts fetal umbilical artery relaxation	Santos-Silva et al., 2008
VSMCs of penile corpora cavernosa	PDE5 marks the contractile phenotype of SMCs	Carosa et al., 2009; Morelli et al., 2004
Pulmonary arteries	PDE5 inhibition reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and vessel remodelling	Hanson et al., 1998
Cerebral and meningeal arteries	PDE5 inhibition improves cerebral blood flow, hemodynamic function and oxygen metabolism	Pauls et al., 2018