Figure 3.

Excessive ACC and ethylene confer reduced plant height and enlarged leaf angle in the Sdw3 mutant. A, Quantitative measurements of endogenous ACC content in three tissues between N18 and Sdw3 seedlings at the V7 stage. Error bars represent ± sd (n = 3). FW, fresh weight. B, Quantitative measurements of endogenous ethylene production in the leaf blade between N18 and Sdw3 seedlings at the V7 stage. Error bars represent ± sd (n = 9). DW, dry weight. C, Overall morphology of N18 and Sdw3 seedlings after hydroponic cultivation. The distance between two yellow arrowheads refers to the length of the fifth leaf sheath. Scale bars = 10 cm. D and E, Quantitative measurements of the fifth leaf sheath length (D) and the fifth leaf angle (E) of N18 and Sdw3 plants after hydroponic cultivation. Error bars represent ± sd (n = 12). F, Overall morphology of various concentrations of ethephon (ETH)-treated N18 plants at anthesis. Scale bars = 30 cm. G and H, Quantitative measurements of plant height (G) and the first leaf angle above the primary ear (H) of ETH-treated N18 plants at anthesis. Error bars represent ± sd (n = 20). Asterisks in A and B indicate significant differences in the corresponding tissue between N18 and Sdw3 (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; Student’s t test). Different letters above the error bars in D, E, G, and H indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Images in C and F were digitally extracted from their original photos and placed on a black background.