TABLE 1.

FcRn in cancer pathophysiology: summary of the findings in the literature and methodology

Affirmation	Methodology	Publication	References
Macrophages account for most IgG recycling quantitatively	In vivo, murine model	Challa DK et al, in mAbs, 2019	[8]
Intracellular sorting of IgGs and ICs involves complex pathways and multiple intracellular trafficking	In vitro, cell‐based assay	Nelms B, et al, in J Cell Biol. 2017	[14]
FcRn‐KO mice are able to mount an efficient humoral response against IgG1‐based ICs	In vivo, murine model	Arnoult C, et al, in J Immunol 2017	[15]
FCGRT deletion leads to increased tumor progression and metastasis in mice with spontaneous colorectal cancer	In vivo, murine model	Baker K, et al, in Immunity. 2013	[21]
FcRn‐dependent cross‐presentation of tumor‐specific‐IgG‐based immune complexes is necessary to elicit CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated tumor clearance	In vivo, murine model	van Montfoort N, et al, in Eur J Immunol. 2012	[22]
FcRn is involved in NK cell maturation and differentiation	In vivo, murine model	Castaneda DC, et al, in Front Immunol. 2018	[23]
FcRn is expressed in both the epithelial cells of mammary glands and axillary lymph node metastases	Human biopsies	Cianga P, et al, in Hum Immunol. 2003	[29]
FCGRT downregulation has been documented in progressive breast cancer types and could be correlated to aggressiveness	Human biopsies	Jansen MPHM, et al, in J Clin Oncol. 2005	[30]
In hepatocellular carcinoma downregulation of FCGRT has also been correlated with poor prognosis	Human biopsies	Shi L, et al, in BMC Cancer. 2016	[32]
In biopsies from nonsmall‐cell lung cancer patients, FCGRT mRNA was under expressed, and downregulation was correlated with poor prognosis	Human biopsies	Dalloneau E, et al, in Oncotarget. 2016	[33]
Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methylation control the expression of FCGRT	In vitro, cell‐based assay	Ferguson DC, et al, in Pharm Res. 2018	[34]
FCGRT epigenetic control by DNA methylation in the myocardium and liver	In vitro, cell‐based assay Human biopsies	Cejas RB, et al, in Sci Rep. 2019	[35]
An artificial intelligence analysis of gene expression in a database without a priori	In silico database analysis	Tong DL, et al, in PloS One. 2014	[36]
FcRn low or undetectable breast, prostate and lung cancer cells use albumin as an amino acid source, which promotes tumor growth	In vitro cell line analysis, In vivo, xenografted mice	Swiercz R, et al, in Oncotarget. 2017	[38]
Successful treatment of apancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model albumin‐doxorubicin conjugate	In vivo, murine model	Liu H, et al, in J Control Release, 2019	[45]
hFcRn overexpression significantly increases cancer cell growth, and is seen in 8/10 tested human cancer tissue types	In vitro cell line analysis, In vivo, xenografted mice	Larsen MT, et al In	[46]