Table 4.
Characteristics of patients with rheumatic disease and history of COVID-19 exposure
| Rheumatic disease with COVID-19 (n=27) | Rheumatic disease without COVID-19 (n=16) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50·9 (10·4) | 46·3 (13·4) | 0·22 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 6 (22%) | 4 (25%) | 0·84 | |
| Female | 21 (78%) | 12 (75%) | 0·84 | |
| Smoking history | 3 (11%) | 2 (13%) | 0·89 | |
| DMARDs | ||||
| Corticosteroids | 15 (56%) | 8 (50%) | 0·72 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 7 (26%) | 9 (56%) | 0·047* | |
| Leflunomide | 8 (30%) | 8 (50%) | 0·18 | |
| Thalidomide | 2 (7%) | 0 | 0·27 | |
| Methotrexate | 5 (19%) | 3 (19%) | 0·96 | |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0·70 | |
| Biological DMARDs | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0·44 | |
| Rheumatic disease category† | ||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 16 (59%) | 7 (44%) | 0·32 | |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 8 (30%) | 4 (25%) | 0·75 | |
| Sjögren's syndrome | 2 (7%) | 0 | 0·27 | |
| Undifferentiated connective tissue disease | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0·70 | |
| Other rheumatic disease | 4 (15%) | 4 (25%) | 0·74 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 7 (26%) | 3 (19%) | 0·59 | |
| Diabetes | 3 (11%) | 0 | 0·17 | |
| Pulmonary disease | 3 (11%) | 0 | 0·17 | |
| Other | 1 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 0·70 | |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). DMARDs=disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
*
p=0·044 after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, systemic lupus erythematosus, infection in other family members, and comorbidities (odds ratio 0·09 [95% CI 0·01–0·94]).
†
Some patients had more than one diagnosis.