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. 2020 Apr 30;4(7):bvaa043. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa043

Table 3.

Cox regression models for the relationship of different measures of muscle mass, strength, and quality to incident diabetes in mena

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Percentage of total lean body mass
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 0.86 (0.48-1.55) 0.87 (0.48-1.56) 0.91 (0.42-1.95) 0.94 (0.44-2.01)
 Quartile 3 0.45 (0.22-0.92)b 0.45 (0.22-0.92)b 0.34 (0.11-0.99)b 0.35 (0.12-1.03)
 Quartile 4 0.45 (0.21-0.96)b 0.46 (0.22-0.97)b 0.50 (0.17-1.50) 0.53 (0.18-1.59)
P value for trend 0.009 0.01 0.07 0.09
Absolute total lean body mass
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 0.48 (0.20-1.15) 0.47 (0.20-1.13) 0.21 (0.04-0.99)b 0.20 (0.04-0.94)b
 Quartile 3 1.15 (0.56-2.34) 1.10 (0.54-2.26) 1.33 (0.48-3.68) 1.24 (0.44-3.51)
 Quartile 4 1.42 (0.69-2.93) 1.32 (0.63-2.75) 2.03 (0.61-6.76) 2.13 (0.63-7.20)
P value for trend 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.07
Absolute total lean-to-fat mass ratio
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 1.01 (0.57-1.79) 1.04 (0.59-1.85) 1.14 (0.53-2.45) 1.16 (0.54-2.50)
 Quartile 3 0.49 (0.24-1.01) 0.49 (0.24-1.01) 0.47 (0.17-1.32) 0.51 (0.17-1.44)
 Quartile 4 0.39 (0.17-0.88)b 0.39 (0.17-0.89)b 0.50 (0.16-1.61) 0.53 (0.16-1.72)
P value for trend 0.005 0.005 0.10 0.15
Knee extensor strength
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 1.0 (0.29-3.48) 1.06 (0.31-3.71) 0.82 (0.18-3.76) 0.81 (0.18-3.73)
 Quartile 3 0.97 (0.28-3.43) 1.03 (0.29-3.65) 0.71 (0.15-3.35) 0.72 (0.15-3.43)
 Quartile 4 1.86 (0.56-6.23) 1.99 (0.60-6.61) 1.27 (0.29-5.46) 1.27 (0.29-5.51)
P value for trend 0.34 0.29 0.78 0.78
Percentage of leg lean mass
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 0.66 (0.30-1.44) 0.64 (0.29-1.40) 0.54 (0.22-1.35) 0.54 (0.22-1.35)
 Quartile 3 0.37 (0.14-0.93) 0.33 (0.13-0.84) 0.34 (0.12-1.00) 0.36 (0.12-1.04)
 Quartile 4 0.40 (0.16-1.02) 0.38 (0.15-0.96) 0.50 (0.18-1.44) 0.54 (0.19-1.56)
P value for trend 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.12
Absolute leg lean mass
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 0.41 (0.14-1.15) 0.39 (0.14-1.11) 0.30 (0.08-1.09) 0.29 (0.08-1.07)
 Quartile 3 0.67 (0.27-1.66) 0.64 (0.25-1.60) 0.81 (0.31-2.14) 0.76 (0.29-2.04)
 Quartile 4 1.11 (0.49-2.51) 0.94 (0.41-2.19) 0.91 (0.34-2.41) 0.92 (0.35-2.42)
P value for trend 0.67 0.94 0.91 0.89
Leg muscle quality
 Reference (Q1) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Quartile 2 0.80 (0.24-2.63) 0.83 (0.25-2.75) 0.95 (0.25-3.63) 0.96 (0.25-3.66)
 Quartile 3 0.88 (0.28-2.74) 0.94 (0.30-2.94) 0.76 (0.20-2.94) 0.78 (0.20-3.04)
 Quartile 4 0.99 (0.31-3.19) 1.11 (0.34-3.61) 0.57 (0.13-2.55) 0.55 (0.12-2.45)
P value for trend 0.98 0.83 0.44 0.43

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Q, quartile; Ref, reference.

aModel 1: unadjusted. Model 2: model 1 + race. Model 3: model 2 + height and weight; Model 4: model 3 + prediabetes. Quartiles for muscle measures were updated for participants at each follow-up visit when available. (HR, 95% CI)bP < 0.05.