Table 2.

Contribution of Frailty Syndrome and Clinical Variables to Polypharmacy Condition

Logistic Regressions
Not-Adjusted Logistic Regression
Variables		Polypharmacy vs Non-Polypharmacy
		OR (95% CI)	p-value
Frail		2.394 (1.768–3.240)	<0.0001
Pre-frail		1.178 (0.896–1.549)	0.240
Cognitive impairment		1.608 (1.203–2.150)	<0.001
Obesity		1.812 (1.429–2.296)	<0.0001
Nutritional risk		1.767 (1.362–2.293)	<0.0001
Current smoker		0.654 (0.406–1.053)	0.080
Depression		3.470 (2.452–4.911)	<0.0001
Hypertension		8.959 (6.106–13.147)	<0.0001
Type 2 diabetes		4.402 (3.423–5.661)	<0.0001
Respiratory disease		3.028 (2.080–4.409)	<0.0001
Multiple Adjusted Logistic Regression
Co-Variables	Tolerance	VIF	OR (IC 95%)
Frail	0.734	1.362	1.533 (1.074–2.190)*
Cognitive impairment	0.859	1.164	1.144 (0.795–1.648)
Nutritional risk	0.873	1.145	1.584 (1.085–2.079)**
Obesity	0.932	1.073	1.476 (1.114–1.956)**
Hypertension	0.931	1.074	8.039 (5.332–12.120)****
T2D	0.942	1.062	4.001 (3.015–5.309)****
Respiratory disease	0.975	1.026	2.930 (1.868–4.595)****

Notes: The regression model was performed using polypharmacy (including higher polypharmacy status) as the dependent variable and clinical conditions as independent variables. Variables were selected according to its significance in the univariate model and the model was also adjusted for sex and age. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001. The bold text indicates a statistical significant difference between groups.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; VIF, variance inflation factor; T2D, type 2 diabetes.