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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 3.
Published in final edited form as: Anim Behav Cogn. 2020 Feb;7(1):1–22. doi: 10.26451/abc.07.01.02.2020

Table 1. The Results of 40,000 Simulated Comparative Cognition Studies by Power.

Power Proportion Published Unstandardized Effect Size
All Samples Published Mean overestimation in “published” findings

80 0.796 5.77 6.53 13%
50 0.494 3.82 5.56 45%
20 0.205 1.89 4.88 158%
5 0.053 0.007 4.45 64486%

Note. The proportion published represents the proportion of studies producing p < .05, and the unstandardized effect sizes are the mean differences between the groups.