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Factors associated with metastatic risk in PPGLs
| High risk | Low risk |
|---|---|
| Tumor >5cm | Tumor <5cm |
| Norepinephrine secretion | Epinephrine secretion |
| Paraganglioma* | Pheochromocytoma |
| Older age (sporadic) | Younger age (sporadic and certain genetic groups) |
| SDHB, FH, SLC25A11 germline mutation | VHL, RET mutation |
| ATRX, TERT, MAML3 somatic disruptions | - |
excluding head and neck paragangliomas, which have intrinsically low risk of metastasis
