. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2020 Apr 13;48(7):2002–2027. doi: 10.1007/s10439-020-02498-w

Table 3.

Summary of existing in vitro 3D disease models

Organ	Associated diseases	Reference
Brain	Alzheimer’s	150
	Neuropsychiatric diseases (autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)	149
	Microcephaly	18
Kidney	Polycystic Kidney Disease, Fibrosis	163,165
Kidney	Nephronophthisis	164
Eye	Retinal Degeneration	153
Eye	Glaucoma	152
Stomach	Infection with H. pylori	209
Pancreas	Cystic fibrosis	166
Pancreas	Pancreatic Cancer	192
Liver	Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma	190
Liver	Hepatitis B virus	162
Heart	Dilated cardiomyopathy	154
	Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure	107,155
	Cardiac sodium channel disease and related cardiac arrhythmias	157,210
Lungs	Influenza	160
	Congenital surfactant deficiency syndrome	158
	Asthma	211
	Pulmonary Edema	4
Multiple organs	Systemic toxicity	113,169