Table 2.
Details of included studies
| Study and country | Clinical setting/population/sample size | Intervention | Comparator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Du et al. [30] China | Neurology unit Stroke N = 40 | Transcranial magnetic stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Park et al. [40] Korea | Stroke unit N = 18 | Transcranial magnetic stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Kumar et al. [36] USA | Stroke unit N = 14 | Transcranial direct current stimulation | Sham stimulation and swallowing exercises/oral stimulation |
| Suntrup-Kreuger et al. [44] Germany | Stroke unit N = 60 | Transcranial direct current stimulation | Sham stimulation and swallowing exercises/oral stimulation |
| Yang et al. [48] Korea | Neurology unit Stroke N = 16 | Transcranial direct current stimulation | Sham stimulation and swallowing exercises |
| Moon et al. [39] Korea | Hospital ward Stroke N = 16 | Tongue palate resistance training | Swallowing exercises |
| Moon et al. [38] Korea | Stroke unit N = 18 | Respiratory muscle strength training | Swallowing exercises/thermal stimulation |
| Guillan-Sola et al. [32] Spain | Hospital ward Stroke N = 31 | Respiratory muscle strength training | Swallowing exercises |
| Bath et al. [27] Multi-national | Stroke unit N = 162 | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Dziewas et al. [31] Multi-national | Neuro intensive care stroke N = 69 | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Jayaskeren et al. [35] UK | Stroke unit N = 28 | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Suntrup et al. [43] Germany | Neuro intensive care stroke N = 30 | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Sham stimulation |
| Vasant et al. [45] UK | Stroke unit N = 36 | Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Sham stimulation and swallowing exercises |
| Guillan-Sola et al. [32] Spain | Hospital ward Stroke N = 31 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Swallowing exercises |
| Huang et al. [33] Taiwan | Hospital ward Stroke N = 29 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Swallowing exercises/head postures |
| Li et al. [37] China | Stroke unit N = 118 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Swallowing exercises with oral trials |
| Xia et al. [47] China | Neurology unit Stroke N = 120 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Swallowing exercises |
| Park et al. [41] Korea | Hospital ward Stroke N = 22 | Chin tuck against resistance | Swallowing exercises/thermal stimulation |
| Chen et al. [29] China | Stroke unit N = 250 | Acupuncture | Swallowing exercises |
| Wu et al. [46] China | Stroke unit N = 229 | Acupuncture | Swallowing exercises/thermal stimulation |
| Carnaby et al. [28] Multi-national | Stroke unit N = 306 | Behavioural Intervention | Mealtime supervision/safe feeding practices |
| Hwang et al. [34] Korea | General intensive care population N = 33 | Behavioural Intervention | No therapy, oral hygiene |
| Park et al. [42] Korea | Stroke unit N = 24 | Effortful swallow training and traditional swallowing exercises | Traditional swallowing exercises |