Fig. 2.

Single Izhikevich fast spiking interneuron for $D=0$: a bifurcation diagram (i.e., plot of $v^{(I)}$ versus the time-averaged constant $\overline{I}$ of the external input $I_{\mathit{ext}}$) and b plot of the mean firing rate f versus $\overline{I}$. Single Izhikevich regular spiking pyramidal cell for $D=0$: c bifurcation diagram (i.e, plot of $v^{(E)}$ versus $\overline{I}$) and d plot of f versus $\overline{I}$. In a, c, solid lines denote stable equilibrium points, and solid circles represent maximum and minimum values of the membrane potential $v^{(X)}$ ($X=I$ or E) for the spiking states. Time series of the membrane potential $v^{(X)}$ of e the Izhikevich fast spiking interneuron and f the Izhikevich regular spiking pyramidal cell for $\overline{I}=700$