Table 1.
Summary of the 3D scaffold fabrication by using the gas foaming method.
| Polymer | Foaming method | Foaming agent | Biological evaluation | Key findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL, Nylon, Cellulose, PVDF | Gas foaming | NaBH4 | In vitro | Pore size & porosity↑; Cell infiltration↑ |
[31] |
| PCL membrane | Modified gas foaming | NaBH4 + Freeze-drying | In vitro | Anisotropic scaffold; Porosity↑; Nanotopgraphy maintained |
[32] |
| PCL membrane | Modified gas foaming | NaBH4 + Freeze drying | In vitro & subcutaneous (s.c.) implantation | Angiogenesis; M2/M1 macrophages↑ |
[33] |
| PCL membrane | Modified gas foaming | NaBH4 | In vitro | Complex-shaped scaffolds; Cell spreading & proliferation↑ |
[34] |
| Chitosan/PVA membrane | Gas foaming | NaBH4 | In vitro & wound healing assay | Sponge-like scaffold obtained; Hemostasis and ECM deposition↑; Scar formation↓ |
[35] |
| PLLA/silk fibroin membrane | Gas foaming | NaBH4 | In vitro & nerve regeneration | Schwann cell proliferation↑; Nerve regeneration↑ | [36] |
| PCL membrane ensconcing LL-37 & coumarin 6 | Gas foaming | Subcritical CO2 | Subcutaneous implantation | LL-37 & coumarin-6 bioactivity preserved; Cell infiltration↑; M2/M1 ratio↑ | [37] |
| PCL membrane | Gas foaming | CO2 saturated with ethanol | In vitro assay | Porosity↑; Cell migration & proliferation↑ | [38] |