Table 1.
Characteristics of VaD patients.
| Healthy Control (49) | Vascular Dementia (48) | Statistics | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 83.41(4.33) | 82.47(5.79) | t = 0.840 | p = 0.403 |
| Sex (Male percentage) | 53.10% | 52.10% | χ2 = 0.009 | p = 0.923 |
| BMI | 26.69(3.8) | 24.29(3.81) | t = 2.085 | p = 0.041 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school | 18.40% | 39.10% | χ2 = 6.044 | p = 0.049 |
| Secondary school | 65.30% | 54.30% | ||
| Tertiary school or higher | 16.30% | 6.50% | ||
| Diabetes | 12.20% | 25% | χ2 = 2.610 | p = 0.106 |
| Hypertension | 55.10% | 64.60% | χ2 = 3.590 | p = 0.166 |
| Current smokers | 4.10% | 2.10% | χ2 = 0.323 | p = 0.570 |
| Current drinkers | 63.27% | 45.83% | χ2 = 2.973 | p = 0.085 |
| Dietarya | ||||
| Fruits | 4.59(0.91) | 4.25(1.31) | t = 1.492 | p = 0.139 |
| Vegetables | 4.65(0.69) | 4.35(1.10) | t = 1.603 | p = 0.112 |
| Red meat | 3.27(1.13) | 3.44(1.03) | t = −0.783 | p = 0.435 |
| Fish | 2.8(0.87) | 2.44(0.99) | t = 1.902 | p = 0.060 |
| Beans | 3.04(1.47) | 3.02(1.06) | t = 0.077 | p = 0.939 |
| Curry | 1.08(1.19) | 1.38(1.00) | t = −1.313 | p = 0.192 |
| Eggs | 2.17(1.27) | 2.54(1.03) | t = −1.564 | p = 0.121 |
| HDLb | 1.16(0.30) | 1.22(0.29) | t = −0.332 | p = 0.259 |
| LDLb | 3.02(1.13) | 2.28(0.91) | t = 1.204 | p = 0.765 |
| Lipid lowering drugs | 40.82% | 31.25% | χ2 = 0.962 | p = 0.327 |
| MMSE | ||||
| Orientation | 9.98(0.14) | 6.68(2.67) | t = 8.55 | p < 0.001 |
| Registration | 3.00(0.00) | 3.10(1.00) | t = −0.68 | P = 0.498 |
| Attention | 4.75(0.76) | 3.29(1.89) | t = 4.91 | p < 0.001 |
| Memory recall | 2.54(0.62) | 1.73(1.58) | t = 3.27 | P = 0.002 |
| Language | 8.04(0.46) | 7.22(1.27) | t = 4.17 | p < 0.001 |
| Visospatial | 0.92(0.28) | 0.51(0.51) | t = 4.76 | p < 0.001 |
a. Dietary scores: 0 = Never, 1 = Barely, 2 = occasionally (<1 time/week), 3 = occasionally (1–3 times/week), 4 = occasionally (4–6 times/week), 5 = almost every day year around. b. The number of subjects having HDL and LDL data: control 5, vascular dementia 6.