Fig. 7.

Height of the adsorbed species. (A) Experimental force–distance $F_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{s}}\left(z\right)$ curves obtained above each of the adsorbates. (B) Comparison of the measured height (minimum of $F_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{s}}\left(z\right)$, Left) and calculated height (Right) of the adsorbed species. (C) Simulated $F_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{s}}\left(z\right)$ curves obtained with a nonreactive O-terminated (${\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_2$)₅ tip, illustrated in Inset. (D) Simulated constant-height AFM image constructed by the simulated tip-sample forces seen in C.