Fig. 1.

Endogenous opioids and nociceptor excitability. Mouse DRG neurons were preincubated with supernatant from biopsies of HC, cDSS, or cUC colon and washed (W), and rheobase (Rh) was measured at 30 min after washing. Representative traces (A, C, and E) and pooled results (B, D, and F) of effects of supernatants from mouse (A, B, E, and F) and human (C and D) colonic biopsies. (E and F) Effects of antagonists of DOPr (SDM25N) or MOPr (CTOP) on responses to HC or cDSS supernatants. Data points indicate the number of studied neurons from n = 12 to 16 mice in B, 6 mice in D, and 8 mice in F for each treatment (mean ± SEM). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.