Table 7.
Diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorders and exclusion criteria for conditions that can alter prolactin levels of all studies dealing with the addition of aripiprazole to lower prolactin.
| Reference | Diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorders | Exclusion criteria (reproductive or medical conditions that can alter prolactin levels)† |
|---|---|---|
| Aripiprazole addition | ||
| Kelly et al., 2018 | DSM-IV | postmenopause, pregnancy or current post-pregnancy lactation, history of a pituitary tumor (microadenoma, macroadenoma, neoplasm) or Cushing disease, medications that may affect prolactin or cause sexual dysfunction through dopaminergic effects (eg, metoclopramide, methyldopa, reserpine, amoxapine, droperidol, prochlorperazine, promethazine, bromocriptine, and cabergoline) |
| Fujioi et al., 2017 | DSM-IV | menopause, pregnancy, or breast-feeding |
| Yoon et al., 2016 | DSM-IV | pregnant or lactating; other diseases that can elevate the prolactin level such as Cushing disease, primary hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, or prolactinoma |
| Qiaio et al., 2016 | DSM-IV | neurologic disorder, severe head trauma, or any unstable medical condition |
| Chen et al., 2015 | DSM-IV | significant medical illnesses, such as liver or renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, organic brain disorder; pregnant or lactating; other medications than risperidone, anticholinergics or benzodiazepines, such as other antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers etc., which may alter prolactin levels |
| Zhao et al., 2015 | DSM-IV | significant illnesses including severe cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal disease; history of immunosuppression; current or recent radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer; pregnancy or breastfeeding; other conditions (e.g., thyroid or gynecological diseases) that could affect serum prolactin levels |
| Ziadi Trives et al., 2013 | NR | intercurrent illness(es) that affect sexual function; other antipsychotics than risperidone; drugs that increase prolactin levels during the 6 months before their inclusion in the study (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), or any other treatment able to interfere with the adenohypophyseal system (oral contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants, venlafaxine, mood stabilizers, antihypertensives, or H2 receptors’ antagonists) |
| Van Kooten et al., 2011 | DSM-IV | tuberous sclerosis‡ |
| Yasui-Furukori et al., 2010 | DSM-IV | oral contraceptives or estrogen supplemental therapy |
| Chen et al., 2010 | DSM-IV | NR |
| Chen et al., 2009 | DSM-IV | NR |
| Shim et al., 2007 | DSM-IV | medical and/or neurological illness |
Abbreviations: DSM-IV= Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – IV edition; NR= Not reported.
†
Information regarding substance use and exclusion criteria due to substance use disorders has been included in Table 4.
‡
Although no exclusion criteria for medical conditions were reported in the study, the authors specify that one patient with tuberous sclerosis was removed from the study because it could not be excluded that the tuberous sclerosis produced the prolactin elevation.