Figure 5.

Sennoside A improved intestinal integrity and metabolic endotoxemia in db/db mice. Serum endotoxin (a) and intestinal permeability (c and e) were measured as described in Materials and Methods. Effects of Sennoside A treatment on TLR4, IkB-α, and NF-κB in the liver and EAT (b). Sennoside A prevented expressions and corrected distribution of colonic tight junction proteins, occludin, and ZO-1 (scale bar: 100 μm) (d). Western blot results were consistent with immunofluorescence results, showing a dose-dependent inhibition of expressions of the tight junction proteins in colon tissues (f).