Table 2.

The studies depicting the different assessment tools in ethics education.

Serial No.	Authors	Country	Assessment strategy
1	Giugliani et al. [45]	Brazil	Student feedback. Consulting the families of the patients for their satisfaction with the resident's ethical conduct
2	Schildmann et al. [26]	Germany	Multiple-choice exams, assignments, presentations, Single exam with open questions
3	Schochow & Steger [21]	Germany	e-exams
4	Mahajan et al. [2]	India	Theory questions in the university examination should test knowledge competencies. Skill competencies assessed by clinical, practical, and viva.
5	Goldberg et al. [20]	United Kingdom	Student reflections at the end of the course
6	Ferreira-Padilla et al. [5]	Spain	Students' work during their internship Practical test, OSCE, the students' attendance, active participation, and the portfolio
7	Ekmekçi [38]	Turkey	Written exam
8	Bilgin et al. [39]	Turkey	Assignments to be assessed
9	AlMahmoud et al. [6]	UAE	Staff observation during clinical supervision, simulated patient interactions, oral examination for knowledge assessment. For the skill evaluation, direct observation of the students by the faculty during their actual interaction with the patients. Patient evaluation of the students.
10	Miranda & Sanchez [44]	USA	Reviewing the essays written by the students, student participation, and discussion. Case scenarios to assess the application of ethics
11	Bosch-Barrera et al. [12]	Spain	A continuous and final assessment of PBL cases by the faculty