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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 4.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2020 Jan 22;132:106000. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106000

Table 4.

Association between smokefree home rules and cigarettes per day (CPD) by stage of smoking cessation (N = 28,247). Data source: GATS 2011–2017.

Variables Precontemplation
(n = 21,612)
Contemplation (n = 4943) Preparation (n = 1566)
Percent change in smoking intensity (95% CI) Percent change in smoking intensity (95% CI) Percent change in smoking intensity (95% CI)
Smokefree home rules
 Partial smokefree vs smoking allowed − 18 (− 22.5, − 13.5) −16.9 (−27.5, −6.3) −24.7 (−39, −10.5)
 Smokefree home vs smoking allowed − 22.5 (− 26.5, − 18.4) −17.9 (−27.3, −8.4) − 29.3 (− 41.5, − 17.1)
Sex
 Male vs female 28.2 (23.9, 32.6) 37 (27.6, 46.5) 15.1 (− 0.7, 30.8)
Age
 25–44 years vs 15–24 years 18.9 (13.6, 24.3) 12 (1.5, 22.6) 21.7 (7.8, 35.6)
 45–64 years vs 15–24 years 27.3 (21.6, 33.1) 16.2 (5, 27.4) 29 (13.1, 44.9)
 65+ years vs 15–24 years 10.6 (3, 18.3) 11.8 (− 7.2, 30.8) − 2.9 (− 25.7, 19.9)
Education
 High school vs below high school 0.1 (−4, 4.3) 11.3 (2.5, 20.1) − 4.4 (-− 17.9, 9.1)
 Above high school vs below high school −5.6 (− 10, − 1.2) 8.2 (− 1.3, 17.7) 5.1 (−11.1, 21.3)
Wealth index
 2nd quintile vs 1st quintile 7.9 (−0.6, 16.4) −1.8 (−25.7, 22.2) − 6.4 (− 25.2, 12.3)
 3rd quintile vs 1st quintile 14.8 (6.1, 23.5) 16.7 (− 3.2, 36.5) −4 (−22.8, 14.8)
 4th quintile vs 1st quintile 17.4 (8.7, 26.1) 22.7 (1.5, 43.9) 14.8 (− 2.3, 31.9)
 5th quintile vs 1st quintile 18.3 (9.2, 27.4) 18.4 (− 2.3, 39.1) 26.4 (7, 45.8)
Employed in smokefree workplace
 Yes vs no − 4.6 (− 8.7, − 0.6) −3.4 (−11.5, 4.7) −10 (−23, 2.9)
Exposure to warning labels
 Warning labels led you to think about quitting (yes vs no) −7.1 (−10.2, −3.9) −2.2 (−10.1, 5.7) − 4.6 (− 16.1, 7)
 Knowledge of smoking harm
Know smoking harm (yes vs no) 0.3 (−5.6, 6.2) 19.7 (− 1, 40.3) 29.1 (13.1, 45.2)
Exposure to antismoking messages
 Antismoking message in one media channel vs no exposure −5.6 (−9.6, −1.6) −9.8 (−19.2, − 0.5) − 15.4 (− 30.5, − 0.4)
 Antismoking message in > one media channel vs no exposure −7.4 (−11.5, −3.4) −11.1 (−20.1, −2) −24 (−37.9, −10.2)

Note: CI, confidence interval. Percent change intensity was estimated by PROC SURVEYREG procedure using the log of number of daily smoking as an outcome. Beta coefficients were multiplied by 100. Negative sign means percentage reduction in daily smoking. Estimates were also adjusted for WHO world region of the survey country, compliance with smokefree policy in the country, and ageand sex-adjusted adult smoke prevalence in the country.