Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, and treatments used.
| Variable | Total (n = 435) | Non-severe (n = 368) | Severe (n = 67) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 58.0 (49.0–69.0) | 55.0 (45.0–63.0) | 65.0 (59.0–70.0) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.73 | |||
| Male | 229 (52.6%) | 190 (51.6%) | 39 (58.2%) | |
| Female | 206 (47.4%) | 178 (48.4%) | 28 (41.8%) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 121 (27.8%) | 85 (23.1%) | 36 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 80 (18.4%) | 45 (12.2%) | 35 (52.2%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 32 (8.7%) | 14 (3.8%) | 18 (26.9%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic airway disease | 15 (3.4%) | 9 (2.4%) | 6 (8.9%) | 0.02 |
| Cough | 265 (60.9%) | 226 (61.4%) | 39 (58.2%) | 0.72 |
| Chest congestion | 100 (23.0%) | 88 (23.9%) | 12 (17.9%) | 0.36 |
| Myalgia | 39 (9.0%) | 29 (7.9%) | 10 (14.9%) | 0.10 |
| Fatigue | 67 (15.4%) | 56 (15.2%) | 11 (16.4%) | 0.94 |
| Diarrhea | 21 (4.8%) | 15 (4%) | 6 (8.9%) | 0.16 |
| Dyspnea | 33(7.8%) | 28 | 5 | 0.83 |
| Radiological characteristics, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Unilateral | 61 (14%) | 61 (16.6%) | 0 | |
| Bilateral | 374 (86%) | 307 (83.4%) | 67 (100%) | |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| Antibiotics | 404 (92.9%) | 339 (92.1%) | 65 (97.0%) | 0.24 |
| Antiviral treatment | 412 (94.7%) | 346 (94.0%) | 66 (98.5) | 0.22 |
| Corticosteroids | 125 (28.7%) | 104 (28.2%) | 21 (31.3%) | 0.71 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 186 (42.8%) | 146 (39.7%) | 40 (59.7) | <0.01 |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy | 177 (40.6%) | 157 (36.1%) | 20 (29.8%) | 0.07 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 130 (29.9%) | 82 (22.3%) | 48 (71.6%) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 71 (16.3%) | 23 (6.3%) | 48 (71.6%) | <0.001 |
| Time from illness onset to hospital admission, days, median (IQR) | 10.0 (8.0–14.0) | 9.0 (7.0–13.0) | 10.0 (8.0–15.0) | 0.57 |
| Time from illness onset to sepsis, days, median (IQR) | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 13.0 (9.0–16.0) | 12.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.32 |
| Time from illness onset to ARDS, days, median (IQR) | 14.0 (10.0–17.0) | 15.0 (10.0–18.0) | 14.0 (10.0–17.0) | 0.45 |
| Time from illness onset to death or discharge, days, median (IQR) | 24.0 (20.0–31.0) | 23.0 (19.0–30.0) | 25.0 (21.0–32.0) | 0.13 |
IQR, interquartile range; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome. p-Values were calculated by Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.