Table 3.

Summary of Studies analyzing the costs of implant overdentures and other removable prosthetic options

Author	Outcome
	Initial treatment cost	Maintenance or aftercare costs	Total treatment costs
van der Wijk et al.[13]	Direct costs were maximum for transmandibular implant-supported overdentures, followed by permucosal implant-supported overdentures and preprosthetic surgeries. Direct initial costs of conventional CDs were much less than other treatment options ($1058 for CD against $3441 for 2 permucosal implant-retained overdentures)	Total follow-up costs (through the 1st year) were very high for IOD groups compared to preprosthetic surgery and CD groups ($94 for CD group against $317 for 2 permucosal implant-retained overdenture group). Follow-up costs were least for preprosthetic surgery group ($59)	Total cost of a transmandibular implant-supported overdenture was seven times more than the cost of a new conventional CD. Permucosal implant-supported overdentures are 3.2 times costlier than the conventional CDs Cost of preprosthetic surgery followed by a CD was almost same as a two-implant-retained overdenture
Takanashi et al.[14]		For the period after delivery (P2 to P4; up to 1 year), the direct median cost of unscheduled visits was lower for IODs ($57) than CDs ($75), but the difference was not significant. The indirect median cost was also lower for IODs ($146) than CDs ($234), and the difference was significant	Total costs of scheduled and unscheduled visits were CD $ 4,245 for IODs and CD $ 2,316 for CDs. Total direct cost for an IOD was 2.4 times higher than a CD up to 1 year of prosthesis delivery
Stoker et al.[15]		Mean total costs of aftercare (evaluation period 8.3 years) were €997.43+/−620.20 for 2IBA, €961.21+/−460.80 for 2ISB, €984.32+/−436.80 for 4ITB; the differences were nonsignificant (P=0.94)
Walton et al.[16]		Median prosthodontic maintenance time over the 1st year after implant delivery was almost identical for both groups, approximately 3.3 h (P=0.37). Within the 1styear of follow-up, 5 patients out of 42 within the single-implant group required retreatment (repair, not replacement). For two-implant group, the number was 2, out of 41 patients	Total component costs (CD $957.14) of one-implant group were significantly lower than that of two-implant group (CD $1678.64) over 1 year time. Also surgical time and prosthodontic time and costs were less in single-implant group
Cristache et al.[17]	Direct initial cost was highest for the M group, followed by L group, B2 subgroup and B1 subgroup respectively. Overall costs of the M group were significantly higher than the other groups.		Total costs at the end of 5th year were highest for M group €2286.34 (SD 224.13), and lowest for subgroup B1 (€1937.45 (SD 115.89)). Cost of complications per patient after 5 years was significantly higher for the B1 subgroup (€356.16). For subgroup B2, Group M, and Group L, the costs were €67.45, €68.34, and €56.30 respectively
Jawad et al.[21]		The MI group had higher observed mean unscheduled visits costs (≤78 vs. ≤63)	Mean NHS costs for MIs were lower than that for CIs (£296 vs. £688). There was a higher mean patient cost observed for the MI group (£193 vs. £156)

IOD: Implant overdenture, CDs: Complete dentures, NHS: National health service