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. 2020 Jul 3;11:3305. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17032-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a PL spectra of CQWs-VCSEL as a function of the pump fluence. From the linewidth of the laser emission, the quality factor (Q) is calculated as ~1200. b Emission intensity versus pump intensity (symbols). The red solid line indicating the lasing threshold of ~7.46 μJ cm⁻². c Normalized emission spectrum of CQWs-VCSEL above the lasing threshold (~12 μJ cm⁻²) as a function of the polarizer angle (θ) and the detector at the front of the cavity. The dashed red line is the fitting of cos²(θ) curve. d Photographical image of the CQWs-VCSEL above the lasing threshold indicating a well-defined spatial lasing spot on the screen.