Fig. 1. The GENEPY index and its components.

a {X_c,1, X_c,2} plane and GENEPY_c from the data of 2017 international products' trade. The x-axis reports the components of the first eigenvector X_c,1, whilst the y-axis the components of the second eigenvector X_c,2. The eigenvectors are normalised such that their Frobenius norm is unitary, i.e., ${\sum }_c{X}_{c,1}^2={\sum }_c{X}_{c,2}^2=1$. Contours range from lower GENEPY_c values (green) to higher ones (blue). b Fitness component. Scatter plot of the first component X_c,1 compared with the values of the Fitness values F_c rescaled by the countries degree k_c (see Methods section, Eq. (14)). c ECI component. Scatter plot of the second component X_c,2 compared with ECI_c values rescaled by the term $\sqrt{k_c}$ (see Methods section, Eq. (8)). The correlation coefficient in the plots b and c is of the Pearson’s kind. Figures have been produced with MATLAB 2019b.