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. 2020 Jul 3;11:3324. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17188-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Normalized Ni K-edge XANES spectra of NiO (pink curve), Ni foil (blue curve), Ni₃Zn (red curve), and Ni₃ZnC_0.7 (black curve), respectively. b In situ Ni K-edge XANES spectra during the process from Ni₃Zn to Ni₃ZnC_0.7 under 1.0 vol% C₂H₂/He atmosphere at 200 °C. c Charge density difference plots of the interface along [100] and [110] directions of Ni₃Zn and Ni₃ZnC_0.7. d The charge density variation of Ni when transformed from Ni₃Zn to Ni₃ZnC_0.7. Δ represents that the introduction of C to Ni₃Zn renders Ni with an electron deficiency of −0.27 per atom.