Table 2.
Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to different temperatures, surfaces and disinfectants and suggested virucidal disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2
| Conditions | Detection of infectious virus (log unit per ml)∗ | Detection of infectious virus (log unit per ml)† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 4oC | Stable for 14 days | |
| 22oC | Not detected on Day 14 | ||
| 37oC | Not detected on Day 2 | ||
| 56oC | Not detected at 30 min | ||
| 70oC | Not detected at 5 min | ||
| Printing/tissue paper | Not detected after 3 hr | ||
| Cardboard | — | Not detected after 24 hr | |
| Wood/cloth | Not detected on Day 2 | ||
| Glove/bank note | Not detected on Day 4 | ||
| Copper | — | Not detected after 4 hr | |
| Stainless steel/plastic | Not detected on Day 7 | Detected up to 72 hr | |
| Surgical mask (inner) | Not detected on Day 7 | ||
| Surgical mask (outer) | Detected for 7 days | ||
| Household bleach | (1:49), 0.1%, 1000 ppm | Not detected after 5 min | |
| (1:99), 0.05%, 500 ppm | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Hand soap solution | (1:49) | Not detected after 15 min | |
| Ethanol (70%) | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Povidone-iodine (7.5%) | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Chloroxylenol (0.05%) | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Chlorhexidine (0.05%) | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Benzalkonium chloride (0.1%) | Not detected after 5 min | ||
| Stable in pH 3-10 at room temperature∗ | |||
| Kampf [13] and Kampf et al. [14] suggested that, in general, human coronavirus could be stable on inanimate surface for up to 9 days. | |||
| Proven disinfectants suggested by the US CDC [3], Kampf [13], and Kampf et al. [14] against enveloped SARS-CoV-2: 62-71% ethanol (70-80% ethanol‡), 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolic compounds, 0.1% (1000 ppm, 1:49) sodium hypochlorite for general surface disinfection, 1% (10000 ppm, 1:4) sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of blood spills. Common disinfectants used for bench surface disinfection in our BSL-2 virology laboratories: 1% Virkon®, 70-75% ethanol. Sodium hypochlorite (0.1%) is available in laboratories. Sodium hypochlorite (1%) is used for treatment of spillage of infectious materials. Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding to 56oC would be effective to inactivate 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) [12]. | |||