Table 4.
Needling Results of Xen Studies
| Publication | Intervention | Hyphema | Hypotony (Transient or Persistent) | Choroidal Detachment | Device Obstruction | Device Malposition | Stent Exposure | IOP Spike | Secondary Surgical Intervention | Other | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pérez-Torregrosa et al 201623 | 30 Xen45+Phaco | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Intraop subconj hemorrhage 36.6% Intraop AC hemorrhage 86.6% Intraop hemorrhage at scleral exit point 20% Intraop relocation 20% Intraop reimplant 3.3% Encapsulation of filtration bleb 3.3% |
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| Heidinger et al 201627 | 61 Xen45 +138 Xen45+Phaco | 3.5% | 8% | - | - | - | 1.5% | - | 22.1% needling 14.1% rate of reoperation: 53.6% trabeculectomy 28.6% second xen 14.3% TSCPC 3.6% laser trabeculoplasty |
Hyphema 3.5%, Aqueous misdirection 0.5% Late-onset endophthalmitis 0.5% | |||
| Hengerer et al 201725 | 242 Xen45 or Xen45+Phaco | 1.7% | 4.0% (T) 0.8% (P) |
- | - | - | - | - | 27.75% needling 5.8% other: 5% 2nd Xen 0.8% cyclophoto |
Intraop conj bleeding 5.0% Cysts 12.0% |
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| Galal et al 201729 | 13 Xen45 or Xen45+Phaco | - | - | 15.4% | - | - | 7.7% | - | 30.7% needling 15.4% trabeculectomy |
- | |||
| Ozal et al 201726 | 15 Xen45 or Xen45+Phaco | - | - | - | - | 6.6% | - | - | - | Intraop bleeding 6.6% | |||
| Grover et al 201722 | 65 Xen45 | 4.6% | 24.6% | 3.1% | - | 1.5% | 1.5% | 21.5% | 32.3% needling 9.2% secondary glaucoma sx w explant 1.5% tube 1.5% cyclophoto |
Hyphema 4.6%, seidel positive 9%, macular edema 1.5%, flat AC 9.2, corneal edema 1.5%, vitreous hemorrhage 3% BCVAloss 6.2% |
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| Tan et al 201821 | 39 Xen45 alone | 2.8% | 18% (T) 3% (P) |
- | 7.7% | - | - | - | 51.3% bleb intervention (17% needling 28% FU of post-trab eyes) |
– | |||
| Widder et al 201816 |
233 Xen45 or Xen45+Phaco | 5.6% | – | 3.4% (spont solved in 2w) |
– | 0.4% | 0.9% | 2.6% | 27% pseudophakic 47% phakic 45% combined |
macular edema 1.7% fibrin reaction anterior chamber 0.9% shallow AC 1.3% avascular filtering bleb 8.9% |
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| Mansouri et al 201830 | 40 Xen45 alone | 0.7% | 0.7% (P) | 1.4% | 0.7% | 0.7% | – | 0.7% | 37% needling 4.7% deep sclerectomy 1.4% tube 0.7% 2nd Xen 0.7% Xen repositioning |
BCVA loss≥2lines 2% Stent damage 2% Diplopia 0.7% Hypotony maculopathy 0.7% Macular edema 1.4% Retinal detachment 0.7% Steroid response 1.4%, Leak 1.4% |
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| 109 Xen45 + Phaco | |||||||||||||
| Hohberger et al 201831 | 81 Xen45 alone | – | – | – | – | – | – | 49.4% needling | – | ||||
| 30 Xen45 + Phaco | 46.7% needling | ||||||||||||
| De Gregorio et al 201824 | 41 Xen45 + Phaco | – | 1 (T) | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.5% | – | – | 2.5% needling 2.5% trab |
2.5% explantation | |||
| Karimi et al 201928 | 187 Xen45 + 72 Xen45+ Phaco | – | 30.1% | – | – | – | – | 0.8% | 40.9% needling 9.3% secondary filtration surgery |
IOP spikes 12.7% dysesthetic blebs 3.9% erosion/exposure 2.3%, endophthalmitis 0.4% | |||
| Reitsamer et al 201932 | 120 Xen45 or 98 Xen45 + Phaco | 4.6% | 2.3% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 43.9% needling Xen alone 37.5% needling Xen+Phaco 6.4% secondary intervention |
Intraop: 2.8% AC bleeding 0.5% iris damage 0.5% SC hemorrhage 0.5% zonular disinsertion Postop: 0.9% dysesthesia 0.9% shallow AC 0.9% subconj hemorrhage 0.5% Endophtalmitis 0.5% macular edema |
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| Fea et al 202033 | 115 Xen45 or 56 Xen45+Phaco | 33 (22%) | 7 (4.7%) | 16 (10.7%) | – | 5 (3.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | – | 7% tot 5.3% trab 0.7% Ahmed valve 0.7% Baerveldt valve 0.7% vtc 0.7% bleb revision for exposure |
1 (0.7%) Fibrin reaction in AC 1 (0.7%) stent rupture 1 (0.7%) malignant glaucoma |
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Abbreviations: Intraop, intraoperative; postop, postoperative; AC, anterior chamber; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; subconj, subconjunctival; conj, conjunctival; tot, total.