Table 4.

Overview of the Functions of Top Ten Hub Genes

Gene	Mechanism of Action and Function	References
KIT	Considered a stem cell factor and participates in vital functions of the human body, including fertility, homeostasis, and melanogenesis; its activation was detected through overexpression or mutations, and numerous Kit mutation sites are found and vary in different cancer types.	32,33,47
FOXM1	As a classic proliferation-associated transcription factor, FOXM1 directly or indirectly activates the expression of target genes at the transcriptional level and exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern whose dysregulation is involved in almost all hallmarks of tumor cells. Increased expression of FOXM1 is observed in a variety of human cancers.	48,49
FGF2	Dysregulated expression of FGF2 is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes, enhanced chemotherapy resistance, and poor clinical outcomes.	50,51
HIST1H4D	The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher-order structures.	52
ZFPM2	The effects of ZFPM2 on cell differentiation and apoptosis are suggestive of a tumor suppressor role in cancers. It is dysregulated in sex cord-derived ovarian tumors and neuroblastoma.	53
IFIT2	Has been reported to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, regulate viral replication, and exert anticancer and IFN-mediated antiviral effects.	54,55
CCNO	Has been referred to as a cyclin-like protein containing two cyclin box regulatory elements predicted to function as protein-binding domains. There have been few studies concerning the role of CCNO in cancer.	56
MGP	MGP expression may be related to cellular differentiation and tumor progression.	57,58
RHOBTB3	Acts as a novel scaffolding protein for a multi-subunit complex that promotes HIFα degradation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, thereby suppressing the Warburg effect and preventing tumorigenesis.	59
CDC7	Overexpressed in many cancer cell lines and in certain primary tumors.	60,61