TABLE 2.

Variances and effect sizes of family on compound concentrations¹

Compound, µM	Effect of dyad (or family) on mixed model2	Family (dyad) effect variance	Plate-adjusted compound variance	Effect size of family on compound concentrations,3 %
TMAO4	P < 0.0001 Log likelihood with family = −2859 Log likelihood without family = −2953	0.25	0.67	37
l-Carnitine	P < 0.0001 Log likelihood with family = −10,378 Log likelihood without family = −10,404	63.92	249.62	26
DMG4	P < 0.0001 Log likelihood with family = −747 Log likelihood without family = −837	0.05	0.12	36
Betaine	P < 0.0001 Log likelihood with family = −9603 Log likelihood without family = −9632	29.86	136.01	22
Choline	P < 0.0001 Log likelihood with family = −5957 Log likelihood without family = −5967	0.90	7.07	13

¹DMG, dimethylglycine; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.

²Log likelihoods were derived from mixed models including generation as a fixed effect, with or without family as a random effect.

³Calculated as the family (dyad) effect variance divided by the plate-adjusted compound variance × 100.

⁴Log-transformed variable.