Table 3.
Summary of results obtained with the Drosophila melanogaster Epithelial Tumor Test (ETT) after chronic treatment of larvae with different concentrations of vitamin D3 (VD3 - mM), ultrapure water (negative control), solvent control and doxorubicin 0.4 mM (DXR - positive control).
| Treatment mM | Number of flies | Frequency of tumors analyzed (total of tumors) |
Frequency of tumor | Reduction (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eyes | Head | Wings | Body | Legs | Halters | ||||
| Negative control | 200 | 0.000 (00) | 0.085 (17) | 0.040 (08) | 0.110 (22) | 0.025 (05) | 0.000 (00) | 0.260 (52) | |
| Solvent control | 200 | 0.000 (00) | 0.070 (14) | 0.055 (11) | 0.150 (30) | 0.055 (11) | 0.000 (00) | 0.330 (66) | |
| Positive control | 200 | 0.045 (09) | 0.130 (26) | 1.390 (278) | 0.770 (154) | 0.570 (114) | 0.085 (17) | 2.990 (598)* | |
| VD3 12.5 | 200 | 0.000 (00) | 0.050 (10) | 0.030 (06) | 0.080 (16) | 0.045 (09) | 0.000 (00) | 0.205 (41) | |
| VD3 25.0 | 200 | 0.005 (01) | 0.085 (17) | 0.055 (11) | 0.110 (22) | 0.030 (06) | 0.005 (01) | 0.290 (58) | |
| VD3 50.0 | 200 | 0.000 (00) | 0.050 (10) | 0.030 (06) | 0.130 (26) | 0.010 (02) | 0.015 (03) | 0.235 (47) | |
| VD3 100.0 | 200 | 0.000 (00) | 0.085 (17) | 0.050 (10) | 0.190 (38) | 0.080 (18) | 0.000 (00) | 0.405 (81) | |
| VD3 12.5 + DXR 0.4 | 200 | 0.015 (03) | 0.055 (11) | 0.305 (61) | 0.435 (87) | 0.210 (42) | 0.045 (09) | 1.065 (213)** | 64.4 |
| VD3 25.0 + DXR 0.4 | 200 | 0.030 (06) | 0.050 (10) | 0.210 (42) | 0.425 (85) | 0.145 (29) | 0.015 (03) | 0.875 (175)** | 70.7 |
| VD3 50.0 + DXR 0.4 | 200 | 0.010 (02) | 0.035 (07) | 0.140 (28) | 0.290 (58) | 0.140 (28) | 0.005 (01) | 0.620 (124)** | 79.3 |
Statistical diagnosis according to the Mann and Whitney Test. *, Different from the negative control. Level of significance p ≤ 0.05. **, Different from the positive control. Level of significance p ≤ 0.05.