Table 1.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Data
| Variables | Control (n=465) | GIK (n=465) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean±SD, y | 42.5±13.5 | 42.3 ±13.6 | 0.565 |
| BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 23.8±4.6 | 23.4 ±4.2 | 0.446 |
| Male sex | 206 (44.3) | 199 (42.8) | 0.643 |
| Current smoker | 179 (38.5) | 164 (35.3) | 0.308 |
| Hypertension | 36 (7.7) | 45 (9.9) | 0.295 |
| Previous MI | 9 (1.9) | 11 (2.4) | 0.651 |
| COPD | 28 (6.0) | 22 (4.7) | 0.383 |
| Preoperative β‐blockers | 58 (12.5) | 57 (12.3) | 0.921 |
| Preoperative digitalis glycosides | 133 (28.6) | 145 (41.6) | 0.390 |
| Preoperative statins | 27 (5.8) | 25 (0.54) | 0.775 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE, mean±SD | 4.24±1.77 | 4.19±1.77 | 0.699 |
| NYHA class | |||
| II | 333 (71.6) | 320 (68.8) | 0.351 |
| III/IV | 132 (28.4) | 145 (31.2) | 0.351 |
| LVEF, mean±SD, % | 54.9±8.2 | 55.0±7.4 | 0.840 |
| LVEF category | |||
| Moderate (30–50%) | 124 (26.7) | 116 (24.5) | 0.549 |
| Good (>50%) | 341 (73.3) | 349 (75.1) | 0.549 |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Congenital | 174 (37.4) | 174 (37.4) | >0.999 |
| Valve | 240 (51.6) | 243 (52.3) | 0.844 |
| CABG only | 34 (7.3) | 33 (7.1) | 0.899 |
| Cardiac myxoma | 17 (3.7) | 15 (3.2) | 0.719 |
| Operation time, mean±SD, min | 191.4±80.5 | 189.6±74.0 | 0.721 |
| ACC time, mean±SD, min | 51.5±31.2 | 50.6±30.4 | 0.676 |
| CPB time, mean±SD, min | 106.5±48.0 | 103.3±46.7 | 0.313 |
EuroSCORE is the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk evaluation. Values are numbers (percentages) or mean± SD. ACC indicates aortic cross clamp; BMI indicates body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; GIK, glucose‐insulin‐potassium; LVEF, left ventricular ejective fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; previous MI, myocardial infarction within 90 days.