Table 1.
Baseline and Procedural Characteristics Before and After Propensity‐Score Matching
| Before Propensity‐Score Matching | After Propensity‐Score Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoroscope‐Guided Second‐Generation Group(n=119) | US‐Guided Second‐Generation Group(n=119) | ASD (%) | Fluoroscope‐Guided Second‐Generation Group(n=95) | US‐Guided Second‐Generation Group(n=95) | ASD (%) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age, y | 81.9 (5.3) | 81.7 (7.6) | 4.3 | 81.7 (5.4) | 82.1 (6.9) | 1.7 |
| Female sex | 65 (54.6) | 74 (62.2) | 15.4 | 54 (56.8) | 59 (62.1) | 10.2 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 (5.0) | 26.8 (5.0) | 4.3 | 27.0 (4.9) | 27.1 (4.8) | 8.5 |
| NYHA class III or IV | 77 (64.7) | 67 (56.3) | 17.2 | 59 (62.1) | 60 (63.2) | 7.1 |
| STS‐PROM (%) |
5.3 (4.4–7.4) 6.2 (3.1) |
5.3 (4.3–6.8) 6.2 (4) |
5.6 | 5.3 (4.4–7.5) | 5.4 (4.4–7.0) | 4 |
| Anticoagulant | 30 (25.2) | 32 (26.9) | 3.8 | 24 (25.3) | 29 (30.5) | 13.7 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (28.6) | 39 (32.8) | 9.1 | 28 (29.5) | 31 (32.6) | 5.8 |
| Hypertension | 94 (79.0) | 92 (77.3) | 4.1 | 74 (77.9) | 77 (81.1) | 7.8 |
| CAD | 68 (57.1) | 61 (51.3) | 11.8 | 51 (53.7) | 50 (52.6) | 3.1 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 12 (10.1) | 17 (14.3) | 12.9 | 9 (9.5) | 15 (15.8) | 19.7 |
| COPD | 45 (37.8) | 38 (31.9) | 12.4 | 36 (37.9) | 32 (33.7) | 10.1 |
| PAD | 40 (33.6) | 36 (30.3) | 7.2 | 30 (31.6) | 33 (34.7) | 7.2 |
| Prior AF | 39 (32.8) | 46 (38.7) | 12.3 | 24 (25.3) | 26 (27.4) | 4.7 |
| Creatinine >2 mg/dL | 3 (2.5) | 6 (5.0) | 13.2 | 3 (3.2) | 4 (4.2) | |
| Echography parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 60.0 (50.0–65.0) | 60.0 (50.0–60.0) | 14.3 | 60.0 (50.0–65.0) | 60.0 (50.0–60.0) | 8.6 |
| AVA, cm2 | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 16.9 | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 20.2 |
| Mean aortic gradient, mm Hg | 47.3 (15.7) | 45.6 (14.8) | 11.2 | 46.7 (15.4) | 46.3 (14.4) | 4.1 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||||
| Ongoing clopidogrel | 43 (36.1) | 34 (28.6) | 16.2 | 31 (32.6) | 30 (31.6) | 1.9 |
| Main access sheath size | 18.0 (18.0–18.0) | 18.0 (18.0–18.0) | 26.1 | 18.0 (18.0–18.0) | 18.0 (18.0–18.0) | 24.0 |
| Secondary access sheath size | 7.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 36.8 | 7.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 29.1 |
| Perclose vascular closure system | 100 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0 |
| SE‐valve | 26 (21.8) | 23 (19.3) | 6.2 | 18 (18.9) | 23 (24.2) | 12.8 |
| THV size | ||||||
| 23 mm | 21 (17.6) | 43 (36.1) | 17 (17.9) | 32 (33.7) | ||
| 26 mm | 82 (68.9) | 63 (52.9) | 68 (71.6) | 51 (53.7) | ||
| 29 mm | 11 (9.2) | 13 (10.9) | 6 (6.3) | 12 (12.6) | ||
| 31 mm | 5 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| SFAR >1.05 | 19 (16.0) | 18 (15.1) | 2.3 | 13 (13.7) | 13 (13.7) | 1.9 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; ASD, absolute standardized difference; AVA, aortic valve area; BMI, body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters); CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SE‐valve, self‐expandable valve (Corevalve, Medtronic); SFAR, sheath‐to–femoral artery ratio; STS‐PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score; THV, transcatheter heart valve; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.