Table 2.
Raw Mean±SD and Adjusted Geometric Mean (95% CI) of VLDL‐Related Variables According to Fish and n‐3 Intake
| Fish | n‐3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | P Trend | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | P Trend | |
| n | 5839 | 5465 | 5617 | 5248 | 4991 | 5123 | ||
| Intake, median [min, max]a | 0.07 [0, 0.07] | 0.21 [0.2, 0.21] | 0.5 [0.43, 0.64] | 0.95 [0.86, 1.02] | 1.35 [1.31, 1.39] | 1.89 [1.77, 2.1] | ||
| TG, mg/dL | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 123 (121–125) | 120 (119–122) | 122 (120–123) | 123 (121–125) | 123 (121–125) | 121 (119–123) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 123 (122–125) | 120 (119–122) | 121 (119–123) | 0.14 | 125 (123–127) | 123 (121–124) | 119 (117–121) | 0.007 |
| Adjusted mean | 122 (121–124) | 121 (120–123) | 119 (118–121) | 0.05 | 124 (122–126) | 122 (120–124) | 118 (116–120) | 0.001 |
| VLDL size (Ø nm) | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 51.11 (50.93–51.29) | 50.96 (50.78–51.15) | 51.09 (50.91–51.28) | 51.51 (51.31–51.72) | 51 (50.81–51.19) | 50.65 (50.46–50.84) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 51.15 (50.97–51.34) | 50.97 (50.78–51.15) | 51.04 (50.85–51.22) | 0.84 | 51.28 (51.06–51.5) | 51.01 (50.82–51.21) | 50.85 (50.62–51.07) | 0.01 |
| Adjusted mean | 51.25 (51.06–51.43) | 51.01 (50.82–51.19) | 50.89 (50.7–51.08) | 0.07 | 51.27 (51.04–51.5) | 51.01 (50.81–51.21) | 50.75 (50.52–50.98) | 0.007 |
| VLDL particles | ||||||||
| Total, nm/L | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 56.9 (56.3–57.6) | 55.6 (54.9–56.2) | 54.9 (54.2–55.6) | 55.4 (54.7–56) | 56.9 (56.2–57.6) | 56.3 (55.6–57.1) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 57.1 (56.4–57.8) | 55.5 (54.9–56.2) | 54.7 (54–55.4) | <0.0001 | 57.6 (56.8–58.5) | 56.7 (56–57.4) | 54.5 (53.7–55.3) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted mean | 56.2 (55.5–56.9) | 55.7 (55.1–56.4) | 54.9 (54.2–55.6) | 0.01 | 57 (56.2–57.9) | 56.5 (55.8–57.3) | 54.6 (53.8–55.5) | <0.001 |
| Large, nm/L | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 2.59 (2.53–2.66) | 2.4 (2.33–2.47) | 2.41 (2.34–2.48) | 2.71 (2.63–2.78) | 2.52 (2.44–2.59) | 2.29 (2.22–2.36) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 2.63 (2.56–2.7) | 2.4 (2.34–2.47) | 2.37 (2.3–2.43) | <0.0001 | 2.71 (2.62–2.8) | 2.51 (2.44–2.58) | 2.31 (2.23–2.38) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted mean | 2.62 (2.55–2.7) | 2.41 (2.35–2.48) | 2.32 (2.26–2.39) | <0.0001 | 2.69 (2.6–2.78) | 2.48 (2.41–2.56) | 2.28 (2.2–2.36) | <0.0001 |
| Medium, nm/L | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 13.3 (13.0–13.6) | 12.9 (12.6–13.2) | 12.8 (12.5–13.1) | 13.1 (12.8–13.4) | 13.3 (13.0–13.6) | 12.8 (12.5–13.1) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 13.4 (13.2–13.7) | 12.9 (12.6–13.2) | 12.7 (12.4–12.9) | <0.0001 | 13.6 (13.3–14) | 13.2 (12.9–13.5) | 12.4 (12.1–12.8) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted mean | 13.2 (12.9–13.5) | 12.9 (12.6–13.2) | 12.6 (12.3–12.9) | 0.01 | 13.4 (13–13.8) | 13.1 (12.7–13.4) | 12.4 (12.1–12.8) | 0.003 |
| Small, nm/L | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 36.4 (35.9–36.9) | 35.6 (35.1–36.2) | 35 (34.5–35.6) | 34.9 (34.4–35.5) | 36.4 (35.9–37) | 36.6 (36.0–37.2) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 36.4 (35.9–36.9) | 35.6 (35.1–36.1) | 35 (34.5–35.5) | <0.0001 | 36.5 (35.8–37.1) | 36.3 (35.8–36.9) | 35.3 (34.7–36) | 0.04 |
| Adjusted mean | 35.8 (35.3–36.3) | 35.8 (35.2–36.3) | 35.3 (34.8–35.9) | 0.13 | 36.2 (35.5–36.9) | 36.3 (35.7–36.9) | 35.5 (34.8–36.2) | 0.21 |
| VLDL‐TG, mg/dL | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | 76 (75.1–77) | 73.7 (72.7–74.7) | 73.2 (72.3–74.2) | 75.4 (74.4–76.5) | 75.6 (74.5–76.6) | 73.4 (72.4–74.4) | ||
| Adjusted mean | 76.4 (75.5–77.4) | 73.7 (72.7–74.7) | 72.8 (71.8–73.7) | <0.0001 | 77.5 (76.3–78.7) | 75.4 (74.4–76.4) | 71.9 (70.7–73) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted mean | 75.6 (74.6–76.6) | 74 (73–74.9) | 72.5 (71.5–73.5) | <0.0001 | 76.6 (75.4–77.9) | 75.1 (74–76.1) | 71.7 (70.6–72.9) | <0.0001 |
Data are shown as geometric mean (95% CI) for log‐transformed variables and raw mean±SD for natural‐scale variables across quintiles of exposure variable intake, except as noted. Adjustments for models 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1. n‐3 indicates omega‐3; Q, quintile; TG, triglycerides; VLDL, very‐low‐density lipoprotein.
a
Fish intake shown as servings per day, n‐3 intake shown as grams per day.