TABLE 3.

Factors Associated With Overall Survival in Patients Who Underwent Upfront Pancreatic Cancer Resection

Variable	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
Age
(per 1 yr)	1.02	1.01–1.02	<0.001	1.01	1.01–1.01	<0.001
Sex
Female	0.93	0.90–0.97	<0.001	1.01	0.96–1.01	0.660
Academic center
No	1.19	1.14–1.23	<0.001	1.15	1.10–1.20	<0.001
Comorbidities
Yes	1.12	1.08–1.16	<0.001	1.11	1.06–1.16	<0.001
Grade (vs 1/2)
3/4	1.43	1.37–1.49	<0.001	1.36	1.30–1.42	<0.001
Stage
2	2.37	2.21–2.55	<0.001	1.46	1.29–1.65	<0.001
(vs 1)
3	3.73	3.00–4.18	<0.001	1.71	1.28–2.27	<0.001
Nodal involvement
Yes	1.86	1.79–1.95	<0.001	1.28	1.20–1.37	<0.001
Margin
Involved	1.68	1.62–1.76	<0.001	1.48	1.41–1.56	<0.001
LVI
Present	1.54	1.48–1.61	<0.001	1.16	1.10–1.21	<0.001
Lymph node ratio
(Unit 1)	1.14	1.13–1.15	<0.001	1.86	1.64–2.11	<0.001
Tumor size
(Unit 10 mm)	1.01	1.01–1.02	<0.001	1.01	1.01–1.02	<0.001
Chemotherapy
No	1.37	1.31–1.42	<0.001	1.53	1.46–1.61	<0.001
Radiation
No	1.21	1.16–1.26	<0.001	1.18	1.12–1.24	<0.001

LVI indicates lymphovascular invasion