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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2020 Jan 6;13(5):686–701. doi: 10.1007/s12265-019-09952-8

Table 2:

The cellular events associated with inflammatory phase of the remodeling of IZ following MI.

Cells Inflammatory Response References
Cardiomyocytes Necrotic and surviving cardiomyocytes stimulates inflammatory responses, DAMP activation, and ROS generation [11]
Endothelial cells Promotes the infiltration of immune cells and stem cells to IZ [17]
Neutrophils DAMP signaling, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and ECM degradation [11]
Monocyte subpopulations Early phase pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes activates via MCP-1 receptor to trigger phagocytosis, ECM degradation and inflammation, where the late phase anti-inflammatory Ly-6Clo monocytes acts via CX3CR1to facilitate myofibroblast accumulation, angiogenesis and ECM deposition [18]
Lymphocytes Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs), invariant natural killer (iNK) T-cells, and γδT-cells aids in wound healing [11]
Fibroblasts DAMP signaling and cytokine secretion, ECM synthesis and fibrosis [19]
Mast cells Perivascular mast cells release TNF, histamine and tryptase to trigger inflammation [11]
Macrophages Two subsets: pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 populations [20]
Dendritic cells Mo/Mϕ, CD11c+ dendritic cells activate scarring and angiogenesis [21]