Table 2:
The cellular events associated with inflammatory phase of the remodeling of IZ following MI.
Cells | Inflammatory Response | References |
---|---|---|
Cardiomyocytes | Necrotic and surviving cardiomyocytes stimulates inflammatory responses, DAMP activation, and ROS generation | [11] |
Endothelial cells | Promotes the infiltration of immune cells and stem cells to IZ | [17] |
Neutrophils | DAMP signaling, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and ECM degradation | [11] |
Monocyte subpopulations | Early phase pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes activates via MCP-1 receptor to trigger phagocytosis, ECM degradation and inflammation, where the late phase anti-inflammatory Ly-6Clo monocytes acts via CX3CR1to facilitate myofibroblast accumulation, angiogenesis and ECM deposition | [18] |
Lymphocytes | Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs), invariant natural killer (iNK) T-cells, and γδT-cells aids in wound healing | [11] |
Fibroblasts | DAMP signaling and cytokine secretion, ECM synthesis and fibrosis | [19] |
Mast cells | Perivascular mast cells release TNF, histamine and tryptase to trigger inflammation | [11] |
Macrophages | Two subsets: pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 populations | [20] |
Dendritic cells | Mo/Mϕ, CD11c+ dendritic cells activate scarring and angiogenesis | [21] |